Temperature influences the expression of a wide range of behavioral traits in ectotherms, including many involved in the initiation of pair formation and mating. Although opportunities to mate are thought to be greatest when male and female activity overlap, sex‐specific behaviors and physiology could result in mismatched thermal optima for male and female courtship. Here, we investigate how conflicts in the thermal sensitivity of male and female courtship activity affect patterns of mating across temperatures in Enchenopa binotata treehoppers (Hemiptera: Membracidae). These plant‐feeding insects coordinate mating with plant‐borne vibrational signals exchanged in male–female duets prior to pair formation. We manipulated temperature across an ecologically relevant range (18–36ºC) and tested the likelihood of individual male and female E. binotata to engage in courtship activity using vibrational playbacks. We then staged male–female mating interactions across the same temperature range and quantified the thermal sensitivity of mating‐related behaviors across stages of mating. Specifically, we measured the timing of duetting, the likelihood for key pre‐copulatory behaviors to occur, whether the pair mated, and copulation duration. We found sex‐specific thermal sensitivity in courtship activity: Males showed a clear peak of activity at intermediate temperatures (27–30ºC), while females showed highest activity at the hotter thermal extreme. Mating rates, courtship duets, and copulatory attempts were less likely to occur at thermal extremes. Also, duetting occurred earlier and copulation was shortest at higher temperatures. Overall, our data suggest that sexes differ in how temperature affects mating‐related activity and some processes involved in mate coordination may be more sensitive than others across variable thermal environments.

中文翻译：

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与温度相关的击穿昆虫（Enchenopa binotata）hopper（Hemiptera：Membbracidae）

温度会影响等温线中多种行为特征的表达，其中包括许多参与配对形成和交配的启动。虽然当男性和女性的活动重叠时，交配的机会被认为是最大的，但针对性别的行为和生理状况可能会导致男性求爱的最佳热力失配。在这里，我们研究了男性和女性求爱活动的热敏感性冲突如何影响Enchenopa binotata跨温度的交配模式蚱hopper（半翅目：膜科）。这些成虫昆虫与成对形成之前在雌雄对偶中交换的植物传播的振动信号协调交配。我们在与生态相关的范围内（18–36ºC）调节温度，并测试了男性和女性E. binotata的可能性使用振动播放进行求爱活动。然后，我们在相同温度范围内进行公母交配互动，并量化了交配各阶段交配相关行为的热敏感性。具体来说，我们测量了二重奏的时机，交配前关键行为发生的可能性，该对是否交配以及交配持续时间。我们在求爱活动中发现了针对性别的热敏感性：雄性在中等温度（27–30ºC）下显示出明显的活动高峰，而雌性在较热的极端温度下表现出最高的活动。在极端温度下，交配率，求偶二重奏和交配尝试的可能性较小。而且，二倍体发生较早，交配在较高温度下最短。总体，