Switches in pollinators have been argued to be key drivers of floral evolution in angiosperms. However, few studies have tested the relationship between floral shape evolution and switches in pollination in large clades. In concert with a dated phylogeny, we present a morphometric analysis of corolla, anther connective, and style shape across 44% of nearly 1000 species of Salvia (Lamiaceae) and test four hypotheses of floral evolution. We demonstrate that floral morphospace of New World (NW) Salvia is largely distinct from that of Old World (OW) Salvia and that these differences are pollinator driven; shifts in floral morphology sometimes mirror shifts in pollinators; anther connectives (key constituents of the Salvia staminal lever) and styles co‐evolved from curved to linear shapes following shifts from bee to bird pollination; and morphological differences between NW and OW bee flowers are partly the legacy of constraints imposed by an earlier shift to bird pollination in the NW. The distinctive staminal lever in Salvia is a morphologically diverse structure that has evolved in concert with both the corolla and style, under different pollinator pressures, and in contingent fashion.

中文翻译：

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传粉者转变、偶然进化和进化约束驱动丹参（唇形科）的花卉差异：来自形态计量学和系统发育比较方法的证据

传粉者的开关被认为是被子植物花卉进化的关键驱动因素。然而，很少有研究测试花形进化与大型进化枝授粉转换之间的关系。结合过时的系统发育，我们对近 1000 种丹参（唇形科）中 44% 的花冠、花药药隔和花柱形状进行了形态分析，并检验了四种花卉进化假设。我们证明新世界 (NW) 鼠尾草的花形态空间与旧世界 (OW) 鼠尾草的花形态空间在很大程度上不同，并且这些差异是由传粉者驱动的；花卉形态的变化有时反映了传粉者的变化；随着从蜜蜂到鸟类授粉的转变，花药药隔（丹参雄蕊杠杆的关键成分）和花柱从弯曲形状共同进化为线性形状；NW 和 OW 蜜蜂花之间的形态差异部分是由于 NW 早期转向鸟类授粉所施加的限制遗留下来的。丹参中独特的雄蕊杆是一种形态多样的结构，在不同的传粉压力下，以偶然的方式与花冠和花柱共同进化。