Despite the widespread applications of manganese oxide nanomaterials (MONs) in biomedicine, the intrinsic immunogenicity of MONs is still unclear. MnO_x nanospikes (NSs) as tumor microenvironment (TME)‐responsive nanoadjuvants and immunogenic cell death (ICD) drugs are proposed for cancer nanovaccine‐based immunotherapy. MnO_x NSs with large mesoporous structures show ultrahigh loading efficiencies for ovalbumin and tumor cell fragment. The combination of ICD via chemodynamic therapy and ferroptosis inductions, as well as antigen stimulations, presents a better synergistic immunopotentiation action. Furthermore, the obtained nanovaccines achieve TME‐responsive magnetic resonance/photoacoustic dual‐mode imaging contrasts, while effectively inhibiting primary/distal tumor growth and tumor metastasis.

中文翻译：

---

MnOx纳米钉作为纳米佐剂和免疫原性细胞死亡药物，具有增强的抗肿瘤免疫和抗转移作用。

尽管氧化锰纳米材料（MONs）在生物医学中得到广泛应用，但是MONs的固有免疫原性仍不清楚。提议将MnO _x纳米钉（NSs）作为肿瘤微环境（TME）响应的纳米佐剂和免疫原性细胞死亡（ICD）药物用于基于癌症纳米疫苗的免疫疗法。MnO的_X具有大介孔结构的NSs对卵白蛋白和肿瘤细胞片段显示出超高的加载效率。通过化学动力疗法和肥大病的诱导，以及抗原刺激，ICD的组合提供了更好的协同免疫增强作用。此外，获得的纳米疫苗可实现TME响应磁共振/光声双模成像对比，同时有效抑制原发/远端肿瘤的生长和转移。