We have developed electrochemical sensors for the determination of H₂O₂ in a complex matrix such as human semen as a method to evaluate oxidative stress related to male infertility. Our sensors are based on the modification of conventional electrode surfaces with nanoparticles. We used diamond nanoparticles (DNp) either on glassy carbon or gold surfaces (GC/DNp and Au/DNp sensors, respectively), and copper nanoparticles electrochemically generated directly on glassy carbon surfaces (GC/CuNp). The morphology of the modified electrode surfaces was characterized by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and the H₂O₂ determination performance evaluated by chronoamperometric measurements at different applied potentials. The best results are obtained for GC/DNp at +1.0 V, Au/DNp at −0.6 V and GC/CuNp at +0.2 V with detection limits (LD) of 1.1 μM, 2.4 μM and 2.6 μM, respectively. The analysis of H₂O₂ in doped synthetic semen using the GC/CuNp sensor shows the best recoveries, reaching a mean value of 103%. The GC/CuNp sensor was successfully applied to H₂O₂ analysis in real human semen. In this case, a H₂O₂ concentration of 1.42 ± 0.05 mM is found and recoveries of 102% on average are obtained.

我们已经开发出用于确定复杂基质（例如人精液）中H ₂ O _2的电化学传感器，作为评估与男性不育症相关的氧化应激的方法。我们的传感器基于纳米颗粒对常规电极表面的改性。我们在玻璃碳或金表面（分别为GC / DNp和Au / DNp传感器）上使用了金刚石纳米颗粒（DNp），而在玻璃碳表面上直接电化学生成的铜纳米颗粒（GC / CuNp）。修饰的电极表面的形貌通过原子力显微镜（AFM）和H ₂ O ₂表征在不同的施加电位下通过计时安培测量评估的测定性能。对于+1.0 V时的GC / DNp，-0.6 V时的Au / DNp和+0.2 V时的GC / CuNp，获得了最佳结果，检测限（LD）分别为1.1μM，2.4μM和2.6μM。使用GC / CuNp传感器分析掺杂的合成精液中的H ₂ O _2时，回收率最高，平均值为103％。GC / CuNp传感器已成功应用于实际人类精液中的H ₂ O ₂分析。在这种情况下，发现H ₂ O ₂浓度为1.42±0.05 mM，平均回收率为102％。