Abstract

Multilayer dynamic membranes with a surface layer of polystyrene for the membrane desalination of water have been synthesized in this study. The dynamic layer is formed from polystyrene particles with a particle size of 55–92 nm that are suspended in a filtered aqueous solution of acetone with a pH of 5. The stability of the dynamic layer is provided by a heat treatment of the membrane at a temperature of 50°C for 10 min. The treatment leads to the compaction of the dynamic layer of the membrane. With an increase in the number of dynamic layers, the membrane flux decreases. After the deposition of each subsequent layer, the membrane flux decreases twofold. Thus, the flux of a four-layer nylon–polystyrene (nylon–PS) membrane with respect to distilled water is 142 dm³/(m² h). The rejection ability of the membranes with respect to Cl^–, NO^3–, \({\text{SO}}_{{\text{4}}}^{{{\text{2}} - }},\)\({\text{NH}}_{{\text{4}}}^{ + },\) K⁺, Na⁺, Ca²⁺, and Mg²⁺ ions from a model solution with a total salinity of 433 mg/dm³ is determined. The rejection ability with respect to singly charged and doubly charged ions is 58 and more than 80%, respectively, at a high flux of 118 dm³/(m² h).

中文翻译：

---

具有表面层的海水淡化多层膜的合成与表征

摘要

本研究合成了具有聚苯乙烯表面层的多层动态膜，用于水的膜脱盐。动态层是由粒径为55-92 nm的聚苯乙烯颗粒形成的，悬浮在pH为5的丙酮过滤水溶液中。动态层的稳定性是通过在60℃下对膜进行热处理来提供的。温度在50°C下持续10分钟。该处理导致膜的动态层的压实。随着动态层数的增加，膜通量减小。在每个随后的层沉积之后，膜通量减少两倍。因此，四层尼龙-聚苯乙烯（尼龙-PS）膜相对于蒸馏水的通量为142 dm ³ /（m ²H）。膜对Cl ^–，NO ^3–，\（{\ text {SO}} _ {{\ text {4}}} ^ {{{{\ text {2}}-}}，\\的排斥能力，\ ）\（{\ text {NH}} _ {{\ text {4}}} ^ {+} \）来自总盐度的模型溶液中的K ⁺，Na ⁺，Ca ²⁺和Mg ²⁺离子确定433mg / dm ³的值。在118 dm ³ /（m ² h）的高通量下，对单电荷和双电荷离子的排斥能力分别为58％和80％以上。