Abstract—

This review presents the results of research concerning the role of zinc in neuronal membranes and synaptic processes. The development of views on zinc as an essential trace element is analyzed, from the demonstration of its catalytic, metabolic, and structural function to the elucidation of its regulatory role in intra- and inter-neuronal interactions. The body of information accumulated over recent decades on the significance of zinc for neuronal activity, in particular, for the regulation of excitation or inhibition, as well as for certain fine-tuned processes in the nerve cell membrane, is evaluated. The involvement of zinc in the functioning of the mediator brain systems, primarily, the glutamatergic system, is discussed. The available data on zinc vesiculation in neurons and its potential-dependent release into the synaptic cleft are analyzed. The processes in pre- or postsynaptic neuronal membranes involving zinc are described. Theories and hypotheses that expand views on zinc as a signal molecule are assessed. Attention is drawn to a number of controversial ideas and unsolved problems. For the specific case of the striatal nuclei, a hypothesis is developed about the involvement of vesicular zinc in the regulation of balance between the direct and indirect pathways, the two efferent systems of this subcortical formation, which is important for normal locomotor behavior and the prevention of neuromotor dysfunction.

中文翻译：

---

锌的神经生物学

摘要-

这篇综述提出了有关锌在神经元膜和突触过程中作用的研究结果。从锌的催化，代谢和结构功能的证明到阐明其在神经元内和神经元间相互作用中的调节作用，对锌作为必需微量元素的观点的发展进行了分析。评估了近几十年来积累的有关锌对于神经元活动特别是对于兴奋或抑制的调节以及神经细胞膜中某些微调过程的重要性的信息。讨论了锌在介体脑系统（主要是谷氨酸能系统）的功能中的参与。分析了锌在神经元中的囊泡及其潜在依赖释放到突触间隙中的可用数据。描述了涉及锌的突触前或突触后神经元膜的过程。评估了扩大对锌作为信号分子的看法的理论和假设。请注意一些有争议的想法和未解决的问题。对于纹状体核的特定情况，提出了一种假设，即水泡锌参与调节直接和间接途径，该皮层下形成的两个传出系统之间的平衡，这对于正常的运动行为和预防很重要。运动功能障碍。评估了扩大关于锌作为信号分子的观点的理论和假设。请注意一些有争议的想法和未解决的问题。对于纹状体核的特殊情况，提出了一种假设，即水泡锌参与调节直接和间接途径，该皮层下形成的两个传出系统之间的平衡，这对于正常的运动行为和预防很重要。运动功能障碍。评估了扩大对锌作为信号分子的看法的理论和假设。请注意一些有争议的想法和未解决的问题。对于纹状体核的特定情况，提出了一种假设，即水泡锌参与调节直接和间接途径，该皮层下形成的两个传出系统之间的平衡，这对于正常的运动行为和预防很重要。运动功能障碍。