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Comparative Assessment of Winter Rye Varieties by Their Groat-Forming Ability
Russian Agricultural Sciences Pub Date : 2020-05-18 , DOI: 10.3103/s106836742002007x
A. A. Goncharenko , A. V. Makarov , M. A. Kuzmich , S. A. Ermakov , T. V. Semenova , V. N. Tochilin , N. V. Tsygankova , M. S. Goncharenko , L. S. Kuzmich , N. A. Yashina , O. A. Krahmaleva , O. P. Kondrateva

Abstract

The purpose of this research was to study the groat-forming ability of different varieties of winter rye and determine the specific varietal traits that positively influence the groat output. Fourteen varieties of winter rye differing in a number of morphobiological and technological grain properties served as the object of study. The varieties were grown on the fields of the Nemchinovka Research Center in 2015–2018. The weather conditions significantly varied during grain filling and maturing, which made it possible to assess their effect on the output of rye groats and their quality. The groat-forming ability was studied by peeling and grinding whole grains on a laboratory SATAKE gollender (Japan) without crushing. The output of whole kernel groats of three fractions (nos. 1, 2, and 3), as well as the output of crushed kernel and bran, were calculated. The summation of fraction nos. 1, 2, and 3 gave the total output of whole groats (%), which served as an index of the varieties' groat-forming ability. The final assessment of the studied varieties was given by comparing them with the standard variety, Valdai. The average output was 69.0% for whole kernel groats and 64.6–73.5% for the varieties. The output of the Valdai standard variety was significantly (by 4.6–7.1%) exceeded by five varieties: Alpha, Belozernaya 785, Moskovskaya 15, GK-494, and Zheltozernaya 760. Particular attention should be given to the Alpha variety, which clearly differed from the other varieties by a high falling number. It is shown that it is this property that determines the high output of whole kernel groats in this variety (73.5%). A high output of groats was also recorded for Belozernaya 785 and Zheltozernaya 760 varieties with a white and yellow grain color. The groats of these varieties are of the same color as wheat groats, which increases their consumer properties. The lowest total output of groats was recorded for GK-985 (64.6%), which is explained by a high output of crushed kernel (13.9%). The varieties with a high total output of groats had the lowest percent of crushed (beaten) kernel (5.6–6.9%), while their content was the highest for the varieties with a very low groat-forming ability (11.2–13.9). The grain peeling procedure considerably influenced the falling number and protein and starch content in output products. The falling number significantly increased, while the protein and starch content decreased for whole kernel groats. It is revealed that the total output of whole kernel groats significantly depended on the variety genotype (H2 = 0.94) and is relatively poorly modified by weather conditions. It is concluded that the groat-forming ability of rye is closely related to the strength characteristics of the kernel as well as to the resistance of the variety to lodging. A model of a rye variety with high groat-forming properties is given; prospects of breeding in this area are discussed.


中文翻译:

冬小麦黑麦品种成粒能力的比较评估

摘要

这项研究的目的是研究不同品种的黑麦的去壳能力,并确定对去壳产量有积极影响的特定品种性状。十四个黑麦品种在形态,生物学和技术上的谷物特性各不相同,成为研究的对象。该品种于2015–2018年在Nemchinovka研究中心的田地上种植。谷物灌装和成熟期间的天气条件明显不同,这使得评估其对黑麦碎粒产量及其质量的影响成为可能。通过在实验室的SATAKE gollender(日本)上将全谷物去皮并研磨而不碾碎来研究成粒能力。三粒(1、2和3号)全仁碎粒的输出,以及碎仁和麸皮的输出,被计算。分数的总和。图1、2和3给出了整个碎粒的总产量(%),它是该品种碎粒形成能力的指标。通过将研究品种与标准品种Valdai进行比较,对它们进行了最终评估。整粒玉米粒的平均产量为69.0%,该品种的平均产量为64.6-73.5%。瓦尔代标准品种的产量显着(4.6-7.1%)超过了五个品种:阿尔法,贝洛兹亚纳785,莫斯科夫斯基15,GK-494和Zheltozernaya760。应特别注意阿尔法品种,两者之间明显不同来自其他品种的降幅很高。结果表明,正是这种特性决定了该品种中全仁碎粒的高产量(73.5%)。带有白色和黄色谷物颜色的Belozernaya 785和Zheltozernaya 760品种的碎粒产量也很高。这些品种的碎粒与小麦碎粒具有相同的颜色,从而增加了其消费特性。GK-985的碎粒总产量最低(64.6%),这可以解释为碎粒的高产量(13.9%)。碎粒总产量高的品种,压碎(打浆)籽粒的百分比最低(5.6–6.9%),而碎粒形成能力极低的品种的含量最高(11.2–13.9)。谷物去皮程序极大地影响了产量的下降数量以及蛋白质和淀粉含量。整粒玉米粒的下降数量显着增加,而蛋白质和淀粉含量下降。H 2 = 0.94),并且受天气条件的影响相对较差。结论是,黑麦的成粒能力与籽粒的强度特性以及该品种的抗倒伏性密切相关。给出了具有高碎粒性的黑麦品种模型。讨论了该领域的育种前景。
更新日期:2020-05-18
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