Abstract

The purpose of this study was to substantiate the directions of reducing the damage to seeds during harvesting of grain crops. Threshing-separating devices of combine harvesters, physicomechanical characteristics of plants using wheat as an example, and parameters and modes of threshing devices that reduce grain damage were studied. It was revealed that grain damage is a consequence of the fact that parameters and operating modes of combines' threshing-separating devices are not consistent with harvested plants' characteristics. For threshing grain without damage, the shock pulse should be enough to separate the grain from inflorescence but be less than the force restricted by elastic properties (elastic limit) of the grain. The dependence of the average value of the bonding strength between the grain and the spike on the temperature and humidity, air temperature, and the standing time since reaching full ripeness can be described by a regression equation with a correlation coefficient of 0.89 and a determination coefficient of 0.79. This equation can be applied for the operational control of the rotational speed of the drum. For the operational control of feeding the harvested crop to the threshing device of the combine in the fields, the yield in individual sections of which varies significantly, methods developed for the introduction of precision farming are proposed. To obtain information on increasing the range between the bonding strength and elastic properties of the grain and to determine the dependence of the bonding strength between the grain and the spike on the properties of plants, it is necessary to study properties of both commercial and new cultivars.

中文翻译：

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脱粒设备适应收割农作物的物理和机械特性

摘要

这项研究的目的是证实减少谷物作物收获期间对种子的损害的方向。研究了联合收割机的脱粒装置，以小麦为例的植物的物理机械特性以及减少谷物损失的脱粒装置的参数和模式。结果表明，谷物损坏是由于联合收割机脱粒分离器的参数和操作模式与收获的植物特性不一致的事实造成的。为了使谷物脱粒而没有损坏，冲击脉冲应足以使谷物与花序分离，但应小于谷物弹性特性（弹性极限）所限制的力。可以通过回归方程描述谷物和穗状钉之间的结合强度平均值对达到完全成熟后的温度，湿度，空气温度和停留时间的依赖性，该回归方程的相关系数为0.89，测定系数为为0.79。该方程式可用于滚筒的转速的操作控制。为了在田间将收获的农作物喂入联合收割机的脱粒装置的操作控制中，其各个部分的产量差异很大，提出了开发用于引入精确农业的方法。