This paper describes the algorithm of antenna array (AA) calibration, which estimates and compensates phase lags, caused by non-identical electrical characteristics of array channels. The algorithm does not require the access to the channel signals or the channels disabling. It uses only the array output power measurements under the specific channel phase perturbations. The algorithm accuracy equals the phase shifter quantization step, i.e. it is twice less than phase shifter accuracy itself and does not depend on the number of array channels. The algorithm accuracy is compared with two similar calibration algorithms, known from publications. The compared algorithms accuracy depends on the number of array channels and is much less than the proposed algorithm. Thus, the new algorithm can be widely used for the efficient AA calibration, signal source angular position estimation and tracking by a calibrated or a non-calibrated AA with any aperture shape: linear, flat or conformal, with an arbitrary distance between neighbor AA elements and with an arbitrary antenna selected as a reference one.

中文翻译：

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无需访问信道信号的天线阵列校准算法

本文介绍了天线阵列 (AA) 校准算法，该算法可估计和补偿由阵列信道的不同电气特性引起的相位滞后。该算法不需要访问信道信号或禁用信道。它仅使用特定信道相位扰动下的阵列输出功率测量值。算法精度等于移相器量化步长，即它比移相器精度本身小两倍，并且不依赖于阵列通道的数量。算法精度与两种类似的校准算法进行了比较，从出版物中得知。比较算法的精度取决于阵列通道的数量，远低于所提出的算法。因此，新算法可广泛用于高效的 AA 校准，