The dynamics of sea water self-purification processes in the water area of the Karadag Nature Reserve during five years after the emergency discharges of sulfur and oil products to the Black Sea has been studied. The toxicity of aquatic environment was estimated by the biotesting method based on using saltwater crustaceans: Artemia salina species from the Branchiopoda order. The rate of self-purification processes in surface and deep levels of sea water was established. The ecological significance of self-purification for restoring the quality of marine aquatic environment was specified. The sea water self-purification mechanisms occurring as a result of mechanical, physicochemical and biological processes are studied. It has been revealed that the incoming pollutants are diluted by marine water of the Black Sea, suspended substances gradually settle down to the bottom, while the organic substances are subjected to oxidation at the expense of oxygen dissolved in water. These processes result in organic substances gradually being mineralized by their disintegration into simpler substances. It must be underlined that a complex of biocenoses formed by different hydrobionts takes part in self-purification processes. The majority of them are also directly involved in decontamination of sea from bacterial contaminants, including pathogenic microbes. The mechanism of antibacterial action of hydrobionts is sufficiently diversified. Some of them absorb bacteria for feeding, others cause the cell lysis, and the third release the antibacterial agents into environment. Different type relationships are formed between the bacterial population and other hydrobionts. The predominant types, besides trophic, are metabiosis and antagonism. The biochemical activity of hydrobionts is a dominant process in self-purification of marine ecosystem. The conclusions are made about the need of monitoring the sea water quality by using the methods of biotesting on animal and plant test-organisms of different trophic levels.

中文翻译：

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基于生物测试结果的黑海海水自净过程特征

研究了卡拉达格自然保护区水域中的硫磺和石油产品紧急排放到黑海之后的五年内海水自净过程的动力学。通过使用盐水甲壳类动物的生物测试方法评估了水生环境的毒性：卤虫卤虫分支科中的物种。确定了地表和深层海水中自净过程的速率。指出了自我净化对恢复海洋水生环境质量的生态意义。研究了由于机械，物理化学和生物过程而产生的海水自净机制。已经发现，进入的污染物被黑海的海水稀释，悬浮物逐渐沉降到底部，而有机物则以溶解在水中的氧气为代价进行氧化。这些过程导致有机物质通过分解成较简单的物质而逐渐被矿化。必须强调的是，由不同水生生物形成的生物酶复合物参与了自纯化过程。他们中的大多数还直接参与了对海洋中细菌，包括病原微生物的污染的净化工作。水生生物的抗菌作用机理充分多样化。其中一些吸收细菌作为食物，其他一些引起细胞溶解，第三种将抗菌剂释放到环境中。细菌种群和其他水合生物之间形成了不同的类型关系。除营养外，主要类型是代谢和拮抗作用。水生生物的生化活性是海洋生态系统自我净化的主要过程。