A new mechanism of heat transfer in nanofluids is proposed on the basis of two physical principles: Brownian motion of particles in a fluid and thermal resistance of a particle—fluid interface. Owing to the thermal resistance of interfaces, the temperature of particles may differ from the temperature of the surrounding fluid; i.e., the particles may be superheated or supercooled. The diffusion of superheated or supercooled particles makes an additional contribution to the heat flux. It turns out that this contribution is negligible for the fluid with the inclusion of nanoparticles. At the same time, the contribution to the heat transfer by this mechanism is large and may be dominant for a gas with the inclusion of nanoparticles.

中文翻译：

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过热和过冷颗粒的扩散是纳米流体中导热系数的机制

基于两个物理原理，提出了一种纳米流体传热的新机制：流体中颗粒的布朗运动和颗粒-流体界面的热阻。由于界面的热阻，颗粒的温度可能与周围流体的温度不同。即，颗粒可以过热或过冷。过热或过冷颗粒的扩散对热通量有额外的贡献。事实证明，对于包含纳米颗粒的流体，这种贡献可以忽略不计。同时，通过这种机理对热传递的贡献很大，并且对于包含纳米颗粒的气体而言可能是主要的。