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Optimizing Traffic System Performance with Environmental Constraints: Tolls and/or Additional Delays
Networks and Spatial Economics ( IF 2.4 ) Pub Date : 2019-08-03 , DOI: 10.1007/s11067-019-09471-8
Xin Lin , Chris M. J. Tampère , Stef Proost

Environmental concerns are increasingly important targets in urban traffic management. The way traffic spreads over routes in a network can affect substantially the environments well as the level of congestion. This paper explores the selection and location of control measures that influence route choice aimed at optimizing traffic system performance subject to environmental constraints (OSP-EC problems). We address two groups of link-based control instruments commonly considered in urban traffic management: tolls and additional delays. Tolls penalize drivers monetarily (e.g. congestion charging) while additional delays represent those measures directly increasing travel time (e.g. speed limits) on the controlled links. We first identify the parallels and differences of how tolls and delays reallocate traffic flows over routes and links in a network, how they affect total system cost and total emission, and finally how they produce different solutions for the OSP-EC problem. When only tolls can be used, one intuitive solution to the OSP-EC problem is a set of tolls that superimposes environmental shadow prices for actively constrained links onto the marginal system cost pricing that is to be charged on all links. When only delays are considered, the selection of the best locations to implement control variables is more complex. We show that the monotonicity of emission factors with speed plays a crucial role for the selection of the type of control variables. If both tolls and delays are available, tolls work better than additional delays in most cases. The theoretical results can contribute to the development of efficient algorithms for solving the OSP-EC problem, and help authorities to solve this policy problem.

中文翻译:

在环境约束下优化交通系统性能:通行费和/或其他延误

环境问题已成为城市交通管理中越来越重要的目标。流量在网络中的路由上传播的方式会严重影响环境以及拥塞程度。本文探讨了影响路线选择的控制措施的选择和位置,这些路线选择旨在优化受环境约束(OSP-EC问题)的交通系统性能。我们讨论了在城市交通管理中通常考虑的两类基于链路的控制工具:通行费和其他延误。通行费从经济上惩罚驾驶员(例如,拥堵收费),而额外的延误则表示那些措施直接增加了受控链路上的行驶时间(例如,速度限制)。我们首先确定通行费和延误如何在网络中的路由和链路上重新分配流量,它们如何影响总系统成本和总排放量以及它们如何为OSP-EC问题提供不同的解决方案的相似之处和不同之处。当只能使用通行费时,OSP-EC问题的一个直观解决方案是一组通行费,这些通行费会将主动约束的链路的环境影子价格叠加到要对所有链路收费的边际系统成本定价上。如果仅考虑延迟,则选择最佳位置来实施控制变量会更加复杂。我们表明,排放因子随速度的单调性对于选择控制变量的类型起着至关重要的作用。如果通行费和延误均可用,则在大多数情况下,通行费要比其他延误更好。
更新日期:2019-08-03
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