We present the sunspot observations made by Barnaba Oriani in 1778 and 1779 at the Brera Observatory (Milan, Italy). We have computed the number of sunspot groups and individual sunspots and extracted the positions of all individual sunspots recorded by Oriani. It must be highlighted that the observations made by Oriani in 1779 are not included in the current sunspot-group number database. The observations made in 1778 were already included, but we have found important deficiencies in these values that underestimated the true level of solar activity. The highest daily number of groups recorded by Oriani was 12 (24 August 1778). Only Horrebow in Solar Cycle 2 observed a higher daily number of groups (up to 16 groups in 1769) in the second half of the 18th century. We have compared the sunspot observations made by Oriani and Staudacher for the common dates. In general, Oriani observed a few more groups than Staudacher, while Staudacher recorded more individual sunspots than Oriani. Furthermore, the sunspot positions recorded by both observers are similar, but some significant differences can be found. Finally, we want to highlight that the sunspot records made in the 18th century will help us to understand better the behavior of the long-term solar activity. Therefore, we need to improve the observational coverage of the sunspot records carried out in that century.

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Barnaba Oriani (1778 – 1779) 的太阳黑子观测

我们展示了 Barnaba Oriani 于 1778 年和 1779 年在布雷拉天文台（意大利米兰）进行的太阳黑子观测。我们计算了太阳黑子群和单个太阳黑子的数量，并提取了 Oriani 记录的所有单个太阳黑子的位置。必须强调的是，Oriani 在 1779 年所做的观测并未包含在当前的太阳黑子群数数据库中。1778 年的观测已经包括在内，但我们发现这些值存在严重缺陷，低估了太阳活动的真实水平。Oriani 记录的每日最高组数为 12（1778 年 8 月 24 日）。在 18 世纪下半叶，只有太阳周期 2 中的 Horrebow 观察到更高的每日群体数量（1769 年达到 16 个群体）。我们比较了 Oriani 和 Staudacher 对共同日期进行的太阳黑子观测。总的来说，Oriani 比 Staudacher 观察到的群体多一些，而 Staudacher 记录的个体太阳黑子比 Oriani 多。此外，两个观察者记录的太阳黑子位置相似，但可以发现一些显着差异。最后，我们要强调的是，18 世纪的太阳黑子记录将有助于我们更好地了解长期太阳活动的行为。因此，我们需要提高该世纪进行的太阳黑子记录的观测覆盖率。但可以发现一些显着差异。最后，我们要强调的是，18 世纪的太阳黑子记录将有助于我们更好地了解长期太阳活动的行为。因此，我们需要提高该世纪进行的太阳黑子记录的观测覆盖率。但可以发现一些显着差异。最后，我们要强调的是，18 世纪的太阳黑子记录将有助于我们更好地了解长期太阳活动的行为。因此，我们需要提高对那个世纪进行的太阳黑子记录的观测覆盖。