The morphologies of different ZnO nanostructures (ZNSs) films (deposited on glass substrates) are investigated using simple and low-cost techniques. Two synthesis techniques, i.e., direct hydrothermal technique and a combination of pulsed-laser ablation under liquid and hydrothermal (PLAL-H) technique, are employed. The first technique (direct hydrothermal technique) is used to fabricate three-dimensional (3D) flower-like ZNSs and one-dimensional (1D) solid rod- along with enclosed tube-like ZNSs under different pH conditions/values. Moreover, a zero-dimensional (0D) ZnO nanoparticles (ZNPs)-based film is prepared by PLAL-H technique. The influence of tuning morphology of ZNSs films on the hydrophobic effect is examined by XRD, FE-SEM, and photoluminescence (PL). XRD patterns confirmed the polycrystalline structures of ZNSs films. FE-SEM explored the morphology transformation from 3D flower-like to 1D solid rod- and enclosed tube-like ZNSs films by varying the pH values from 10.5 to 5.7. The PL spectra revealed a higher surface area and deep-level defect density related to the ZnO morphology. Depending on the surface contact angle measurements, the hydrophobic performance of flower-like ZNSs is much superior than 1D solid rod-like, enclosed tube-like, and 0D ZNPs films. The super-hydrophobic effect of flower-like ZnO is attributed to the synergism of regular formed and higher density of ZNSs. Therefore, it is inferred that the successful controllable morphology of ZNSs film under mild deposition conditions could play a crucial role to get a superior hydrophobic behavior of ZNSs film.

使用简单和低成本的技术研究了不同的ZnO纳米结构（ZNSs）薄膜（沉积在玻璃基板上）的形貌。采用两种合成技术，即直接水热技术和在液体和水热下的脉冲激光烧蚀的组合（PLAL-H）技术。第一种技术（直接水热技术）用于在不同的pH条件/值下制造三维（3D）花状ZNS和一维（1D）固体棒状以及封闭的管状ZNS。此外，通过PLAL-H技术制备了基于零维（0D）的ZnO纳米颗粒（ZNPs）的薄膜。通过XRD，FE-SEM和光致发光（PL）研究了ZNSs膜的调谐形态对疏水效应的影响。XRD图谱证实了ZNSs薄膜的多晶结构。FE-SEM通过将pH值从10.5更改为5.7，探索了从3D花状到1D固体棒状和封闭管状ZNSs膜的形态转变。PL光谱显示出较高的表面积和与ZnO形态有关的深层缺陷密度。取决于表面接触角的测量，花状ZNSs的疏水性能远优于1D固态棒状，封闭管状和0D ZNPs薄膜。花状ZnO的超疏水作用归因于ZNS的规则形成和更高密度的协同作用。因此，可以推断，在温和的沉积条件下成功地控制ZNSs膜的形貌对于获得ZNSs膜的优异疏水性能起着至关重要的作用。