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SEM-EDX linear scanning: a new tool for morpho-compositional analysis of growth bands in urinary stones.
JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry ( IF 3 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-02 , DOI: 10.1007/s00775-020-01793-0
Federico Mijangos 1 , Miren Arrate Celaya 1 , Francisco Javier Gainza 2 , Ariane Imaz 3 , Eunate Arana 3
Affiliation  

The genesis and growth of calculi are imprinted in their structure, so the pathogenesis of lithiasis could potentially be read via proper analytical techniques. In this study, electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDX) is used to obtain a description of the morphology and compositional structure of a single bladder stone. This technique establishes the chemical and crystalline architecture of the urolith to assess the effect of the chemical environment on its growth. Scanning electron microscopy-backscattered electrons (SEM-BSE) images clearly show that the stone has a multilayered structure. These layers and Liesegang ring-like structures are characterized by one predominant chemical component but also by slighter compositional changes. The mean crystalline components are determined by X-ray diffraction (DRX), infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Raman analysis (RMN). Elemental analysis along a radial trajectory of the calculus by EDX linear scanning (EDX-LS) also reveals the compositional structure of the layers and the spatial distribution of the main chemical components. EDX-LS data processing reveals concentration profiles that clearly show morpho-compositional growth bands, which correspond to precipitation waves and urinary concentration peaks. The width of the growth bands is independent of the radial position, layer, and element analyzed. We conclude that the bands observed are a consequence of slight changes in the biochemical composition of the urine and consequently reflect a short-term biological cycle of the renal system. This non-specific growth rate suggests that stone formation is a kinetically controlled phenomenon in which promoters of crystal cluster aggregation may have played a key role.

中文翻译:

SEM-EDX线性扫描:一种用于尿结石生长带形态组成分析的新工具。

结石的发生和生长印在其结构中,因此可以通过适当的分析技术来读取结石的发病机理。在这项研究中,电子显微镜与能量色散X射线光谱法(SEM-EDX)用于描述单个膀胱结石的形态和组成结构。该技术建立了尿石的化学和晶体结构,以评估化学环境对其生长的影响。扫描电子显微镜的反向散射电子(SEM-BSE)图像清楚地表明了石材具有多层结构。这些层和Liesegang环状结构的特征在于一种主要的化学成分,但也具有较小的组成变化。平均结晶成分由X射线衍射(DRX)确定,红外光谱(FT-IR)和拉曼分析(RMN)。通过EDX线性扫描(EDX-LS)沿演算的径向轨迹进行元素分析,还揭示了层的组成结构和主要化学成分的空间分布。EDX-LS数据处理显示浓度分布图,清楚地显示了形态组成的生长带,对应于沉淀波和尿液浓度峰值。生长带的宽度与所分析的径向位置,层和元素无关。我们得出的结论是,观察到的条带是尿液生化成分轻微变化的结果,因此反映了肾脏系统的短期生物周期。
更新日期:2020-06-02
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