The goal of this study was to upgrade fuel properties of two different bituminous coal wastes (CW) by reducing their ash, sulfur, and chloride content through co-hydrothermal carbonization (co-HTC) with food waste (FW). CW and FW were mixed in 1:1 (dry wt. basis), ratio and co-HTC experiments were performed at three different temperatures of 180, 230, and 280 °C for 30 min. Mass yield, proximate and ultimate analyses, energy content, and combustion indices of hydrochars were evaluated for the fuel properties. Results showed that co-HTC at 230 °C produced hydrochar with maximum fixed carbon, elemental carbon, and higher heating value (HHV), as well as minimum sulfur and ash for both CW samples. At 230 °C, the elemental carbon of co-HTC hydrochar was increased to a maximum of 46.7 and 49.5%, and the energy content increased to 22.4 MJ/kg and 23.0 MJ/kg for CW1FW (co-HTC hydrochar of CW1 and FW) and CW2FW (co-HTC hydrochar of CW2 and FW), respectively. Additionally, the presence of FW in the treatment process reduced the sulfur content to 2.1 and 1.4% compared with the raw CW values of 9.6 and 8.5% for CW1 and CW2, respectively. Combustion indices also indicated that CW2FW-H230 hydrochar had combustion indices similar to bituminous coal.

In this paper, two environmental liabilities, i.e., coal waste and food waste, have been co-hydrothermally carbonized. Food waste has increased the carbon content of the resulting hydrochar, while food waste-derived acids assisted sulfur, chloride, and ash reduction from coal waste. As a result, the hydrochar gained similar fuel properties of bituminous coal.

这项研究的目的是通过与食物垃圾（FW）共同进行热液碳化（co-HTC）来减少两种不同的烟煤废物（CW）的灰分，硫和氯化物含量，从而提高其燃料性能。将CW和FW以1：1（以干重计）混合，在180、230和280°C的三个不同温度下进行比例和共HTC实验30分钟。评估了碳氢化合物的质量产率，近似分析和最终分析，能量含量和燃烧指数，以评估其燃料性能。结果表明，在230°C时，联用HTC生成的碳氢化合物具有最大的固定碳，元素碳和较高的热值（HHV），并且两种CW样品的硫和灰分均最少。在230°C下，co-HTC碳氢化合物的元素碳最高增加到46.7和49.5％，能量含量增加到22.4 MJ / kg和23。CW1FW（CW1和FW的HTC混合氢）和CW2FW（CW2和FW的HTC混合氢）分别为0 MJ / kg。另外，与CW1和CW2的原始CW值分别为9.6和8.5％相比，处理过程中FW的存在将硫含量降低到2.1％和1.4％。燃烧指数还表明，CW2FW-H230水煤油的燃烧指数与烟煤相似。

在本文中，两个环境责任，即煤废物和食品废物，已被共水热碳化。食物垃圾增加了所产生的碳氢化合物的碳含量，而食物垃圾衍生的酸则有助于减少煤垃圾中的硫，氯化物和灰分。结果，水焦获得了烟煤的类似燃料特性。