A conserved painting removed from a Neolithic collective grave in Marne, France, provided an opportunity for radiocarbon dating to place Les Ronces Hypogeum 21 (Villevenard) into the chronology of that region. Chemical analysis with direct analysis in real time (DART) mass spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of samples from the painting revealed the presence of two kinds of wax (beeswax and paraffin or microcrystalline wax) that likely were added during the conservation, a drying oil like linseed oil, as well as markers of pine resin that may arise from turpentine or colophony. A new pretreatment protocol of chloroform followed by pH 8 phosphate buffer was developed, which yielded sufficient material for plasma-chemical oxidation and AMS radiocarbon dating. The radiocarbon dates place the image from Hypogeum 21 at the more recent end of the chronology that spans from the sixth to the third millennia cal BC for the Neolithic in France.

中文翻译：

---

法国新石器时代维勒维纳德皮奥加木炭画的图像：保留碳和固结污染物的放射性碳定年的实验方案

从法国马恩省的新石器时代集体坟墓中移走的一幅保存完好的画作为放射性碳年代测定提供了一个机会，可以将Les Ronces Hypogeum 21（Villevenard）放入该地区的年代。用绘画中的样品进行实时直接分析（DART）质谱，傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）光谱和气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）进行化学分析，发现存在两种蜡（蜂蜡和石蜡或微晶蜡），可能在保存过程中添加的油，干燥油（如亚麻子油）以及松节油或松香可能产生的松脂的标记物。开发了一种新的氯仿预处理方案，然后采用pH 8磷酸盐缓冲液，可为等离子体化学氧化和AMS放射性碳测年提供足够的材料。