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Case report and literature review of Huntington disease with intermediate CAG expansion
BMJ Neurology Open Pub Date : 2020-02-01 , DOI: 10.1136/bmjno-2019-000027
Stefan D Jevtic 1 , John P Provias 1, 2
Affiliation  

Background Huntington disease (HD) is a genetically inherited neurodegenerative disorder that classically involves a trinucleotide CAG repeat expansion on chromosome 4, with 36 repeats or greater being disease identifying. It generally presents between the age of 30 and 40 years old and is characterised by severe caudate/striatum degeneration with huntingtin protein aggregation. We present here the case of a patient in her early 80s who presented with 5-year history of worsening chorea and family history of HD but an intermediate length CAG expansion. Methods Genetic testing of CAG repeats on chromosome 4. Postmortem brain tissue was obtained and stained using immunohistochemistry for amyloid-beta, tau and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Sections from the caudate/putamen were also analysed by p62 immunofluorescence. All sections were reviewed by trained neuropathologists. Results On genetic testing the patient was found to have a 28 CAG repeat on the longest expansion. Microscopic analysis revealed significant neuronal atrophy in the caudate and putamen with gliosis. Immunofluorescent staining demonstrated minimal intranuclear p62 inclusions suggesting little huntingtin aggregation present. Furthermore, there was significant amyloid-beta pathology (Thal-IV stage) and tau involvement in the medial temporal lobe (Braak stage II). Conclusion This case provides clinical and pathological evidence to support an emerging clinical entity involving HD presentation in late age with an intermediate CAG repeat.

中文翻译:

亨廷顿病伴中度 CAG 扩张的病例报告及文献复习

背景亨廷顿病 (HD) 是一种遗传性神经退行性疾病,典型地涉及染色体 4 上的三核苷酸 CAG 重复扩增,其中 36 个重复或更多重复是疾病识别。它通常出现在 30 至 40 岁之间,其特征是具有亨廷顿蛋白聚集的严重尾状/纹状体变性。我们在此介绍一名 80 岁出头的患者,她有 5 年的舞蹈病恶化史和 HD 家族史,但 CAG 扩张中等长度。方法 对 4 号染色体上的 CAG 重复序列进行基因检测。获得死后脑组织并使用免疫组织化学对淀粉样蛋白-β、tau 和胶质纤维酸性蛋白 (GFAP) 进行染色。尾状核/壳核切片也通过 p62 免疫荧光进行分析。所有部分均由训练有素的神经病理学家审查。结果 在基因测试中,发现该患者在最长的扩增中具有 28 个 CAG 重复。显微镜分析显示尾状核和壳核中有明显的神经元萎缩并伴有神经胶质增生。免疫荧光染色表明核内 p62 包涵体最少,表明存在少量亨廷顿蛋白聚集。此外,存在显着的β-淀粉样蛋白病理学(Thal-IV 阶段)和颞叶内侧的 tau 参与(Braak 阶段 II)。结论该病例提供了临床和病理学证据来支持一个新出现的临床实体,该实体涉及晚年出现 HD 表现并伴有中间 CAG 重复。显微镜分析显示尾状核和壳核中有明显的神经元萎缩并伴有神经胶质增生。免疫荧光染色表明核内 p62 包涵体最少,表明存在少量亨廷顿蛋白聚集。此外,存在显着的β-淀粉样蛋白病理学(Thal-IV 阶段)和颞叶内侧的 tau 参与(Braak 阶段 II)。结论该病例提供了临床和病理学证据来支持一个新出现的临床实体,该实体涉及晚年出现 HD 表现并伴有中间 CAG 重复。显微镜分析显示尾状核和壳核中有明显的神经元萎缩并伴有神经胶质增生。免疫荧光染色表明核内 p62 包涵体最少,表明存在少量亨廷顿蛋白聚集。此外,存在显着的β-淀粉样蛋白病理学(Thal-IV 阶段)和颞叶内侧的 tau 参与(Braak 阶段 II)。结论该病例提供了临床和病理学证据来支持一个新出现的临床实体,该实体涉及晚年出现 HD 表现并伴有中间 CAG 重复。存在显着的β-淀粉样蛋白病理学(Thal-IV 期)和 tau 参与内侧颞叶(Braak 期 II)。结论该病例提供了临床和病理学证据来支持一个新出现的临床实体,该实体涉及晚年出现 HD 表现并伴有中间 CAG 重复。存在显着的β-淀粉样蛋白病理学(Thal-IV 期)和 tau 参与内侧颞叶(Braak 期 II)。结论该病例提供了临床和病理学证据来支持一个新出现的临床实体,该实体涉及晚年出现 HD 表现并伴有中间 CAG 重复。
更新日期:2020-02-01
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