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Specialized feathers produce sonations during flight in Columbina ground doves
Integrative and Comparative Biology ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-01 , DOI: 10.1093/icb/icaa051
Robert L Niese 1 , Christopher J Clark 2 , Bret W Tobalske 1
Affiliation  

The shape of remiges (primary and secondary feathers) is constrained and stereotyped by the demands of flight, but members of the subfamily of New World ground doves (Peristerinae) possess many atypical remex shapes with which they produce sonations of alarm. Within the genus Columbina specifically, the seventh primary feathers (P7) have elongated barbs that create a protrusion on the trailing vane which varies in size and shape between species. These feathers are hypothesized have been coopted to produce communicative sounds (i.e. sonations) during flight, but the mechanism of this sound production is unknown. We tested the sound-producing capabilities of spread wing specimens from three species of ground doves (C. inca, C. passerina, and C. talpacoti) in a wind tunnel. High speed video and audio analyses indicated that all wings of adult birds produced buzzing sounds in the orientation and flow velocity of mid-upstroke. These buzzing sounds were produced as the protrusion of elongated barbs fluttered and collided with adjacent P6 feathers at a fundamental frequency of 200 and 400 Hz. Wings from juvenile C. inca produced significantly quieter buzzes and most (three of four individuals) lacked the elongated barbs that are present in adults. Buzzing sounds produced in the wind tunnel were similar to those produced by wild birds indicating that these P7 feathers have been coopted to produce acoustic signals (sonations) during flight. The shape and mechanism of sound production described here in Columbina appear to be unique among birds.

中文翻译:

专业羽毛在哥伦比纳地鸽飞行期间产生声波

remiges(初级和次级羽毛)的形状受到飞行需求的限制和刻板印象,但新大陆地鸽亚科(Peristerinae)的成员拥有许多非典型的 remex 形状,它们会产生警报声。特别是在 Columbina 属中,第七根初级羽毛 (P7) 具有细长的倒钩,在尾叶上形成一个突起,不同物种的大小和形状各不相同。假设这些羽毛在飞行过程中被用来产生交流声音(即声音),但这种声音产生的机制尚不清楚。我们在风洞中测试了来自三种地鸽(C. inca、C. passerina 和 C. talpacoti)的展翅标本的发声能力。高速视频和音频分析表明,成年鸟的所有翅膀在中上冲程的方向和流速中都会产生嗡嗡声。这些嗡嗡声是由细长倒钩的突起以 200 和 400 Hz 的基本频率与相邻的 P6 羽毛颤动和碰撞而产生的。来自 C. inca 幼鱼的翅膀发出明显更安静的嗡嗡声,并且大多数(四个个体中的三个)没有成虫存在的细长倒钩。风洞中产生的嗡嗡声与野鸟产生的声音相似,表明这些 P7 羽毛在飞行过程中被用来产生声学信号(声波)。Columbina 中所描述的声音产生的形状和机制在鸟类中似乎是独一无二的。这些嗡嗡声是由细长倒钩的突起以 200 和 400 Hz 的基本频率与相邻的 P6 羽毛颤动和碰撞而产生的。来自 C. inca 幼鱼的翅膀发出明显更安静的嗡嗡声,并且大多数(四个个体中的三个)没有成虫存在的细长倒钩。风洞中产生的嗡嗡声与野鸟产生的声音相似,表明这些 P7 羽毛在飞行过程中被用来产生声学信号(声波)。Columbina 中所描述的声音产生的形状和机制在鸟类中似乎是独一无二的。这些嗡嗡声是由细长倒钩的突起以 200 和 400 Hz 的基本频率与相邻的 P6 羽毛颤动和碰撞而产生的。来自 C. inca 幼鱼的翅膀发出明显更安静的嗡嗡声,并且大多数(四个个体中的三个)没有成虫存在的细长倒钩。风洞中产生的嗡嗡声与野鸟产生的声音相似,表明这些 P7 羽毛在飞行过程中被用来产生声音信号(声波)。Columbina 中所描述的声音产生的形状和机制在鸟类中似乎是独一无二的。inca 产生了明显更安静的嗡嗡声,并且大多数(四个个体中的三个)缺乏成年人身上存在的细长倒钩。风洞中产生的嗡嗡声与野鸟产生的声音相似,表明这些 P7 羽毛在飞行过程中被用来产生声音信号(声波)。Columbina 中所描述的声音产生的形状和机制在鸟类中似乎是独一无二的。inca 产生了明显更安静的嗡嗡声,并且大多数(四个个体中的三个)缺乏成年人身上存在的细长倒钩。风洞中产生的嗡嗡声与野鸟产生的声音相似,表明这些 P7 羽毛在飞行过程中被用来产生声音信号(声波)。Columbina 中所描述的声音产生的形状和机制在鸟类中似乎是独一无二的。
更新日期:2020-06-01
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