Since the onset of the industrial revolution, fossil fuels have been the primary source of energy generation, and the continued exploitation of fossil fuels has led to an increase in the amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide. A lot of research currently focuses much on decreasing dependence on fossil fuels by replacing them with green energy. However, this technique poses a number of challenges, such as the need for improved infrastructure and technology and the high market penetration of renewable energy technologies. Capturing and converting carbon dioxide using electrochemical approaches can help to stabilize atmospheric greenhouse gas levels and create a positive future for the transformation of carbon dioxide into a number of value-added products. The conversion of carbon dioxide via electrochemical approach is a major challenge, and consideration must be given to the development and production of low-cost, stable, and highly efficient electrocatalysts. Hence, this review presents an overview of the current developments in the electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide. In addition, this study discusses the current progress of electrocatalysts, in particular, the homogeneous and heterogeneous catalyst, which has a high level of activity and selectivity of low overpotential preferred products. The overview of the mechanisms and kinetics of the carbon dioxide reduction using the computational method are also addressed.

中文翻译：

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二氧化碳低温电化学转化的最新进展

自工业革命爆发以来，化石燃料一直是能源生产的主要来源，对化石燃料的持续开采导致大气中二氧化碳的含量增加。当前，许多研究着重于通过用绿色能源替代化石燃料来减少对化石燃料的依赖性。但是，该技术带来了许多挑战，例如需要改进基础设施和技术，以及可再生能源技术的高度市场渗透。使用电化学方法捕获和转化二氧化碳可以帮助稳定大气中的温室气体含量，并为将二氧化碳转化为多种增值产品创造积极的未来。通过电化学方法转化二氧化碳是一项重大挑战，并且必须考虑开发和生产低成本，稳定和高效的电催化剂。因此，本综述概述了二氧化碳电化学转化的最新进展。另外，本研究讨论了电催化剂，特别是均相和非均相催化剂的当前进展，该催化剂具有较高的活性水平和对低超电势优选产物的选择性。还概述了使用计算方法减少二氧化碳的机理和动力学。这项研究讨论了电催化剂，特别是均相和非均相催化剂的最新进展，该催化剂具有较高的活性和选择性，并且具有低过电势的优选产物。还概述了使用计算方法减少二氧化碳的机理和动力学。这项研究讨论了电催化剂，特别是均相和非均相催化剂的最新进展，该催化剂具有较高的活性和选择性，并且具有低过电势的优选产物。还概述了使用计算方法减少二氧化碳的机理和动力学。