Abstract The release of drugs from solid drug delivery materials has been studied intently in recent years. Quantitative analyses achieved from in vitro dissolution becomes easier if a zero-order mathematical model is used. Non-gelatin nutraceutical hard-shell capsules of zero size (approximately 0.7-0.8 cm) were produced from carrageenan-based natural polymers, namely carrageenan-alginate (CA) and carrageenan-starch (CS). Disintegration, dissolution and zero-order drug release kinetics of hard-shell capsules containing 100 mg of salicylamide were studied. The disintegration time of CA and CS were observed to be less than 30 min for both CA and CS. In vitro dissolution profile showed that the percentage dissolution of CA capsules was better at pH 4.5, while that of CS was poor at pH 1.2, 4.5 and 6.8. Determination of drug release kinetics profiles of carrageenan-based hardshell capsules utilized the Noyes-Whitney and Peppas-Sahlin modification rules for zero-order. The drug release from carrageenan-based capsules followed zero-order kinetics, especially at pH 6.8, and was compared to the Higuchi model. Salicylamide in CA hard-shell capsules at a pH 6.8 had a release rate constant (kH) of 2.91 %(ppm/ ppm) min-1/2, while the release rate constant of CS was 0.36 %(ppm/ppm) min-1.

中文翻译：

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含有水杨酰胺的 k-卡拉胶营养硬壳胶囊的崩解、体外溶出和药物释放动力学特征

摘要 近年来，人们对固体药物释放材料中药物的释放进行了深入研究。如果使用零阶数学模型，体外溶出度的定量分析会变得更容易。零尺寸（约 0.7-0.8 厘米）的非明胶营养保健硬壳胶囊由基于角叉菜胶的天然聚合物制成，即角叉菜胶-藻酸盐 (CA) 和角叉菜胶-淀粉 (CS)。研究了含有 100 mg 水杨酰胺的硬壳胶囊的崩解、溶出和零级药物释放动力学。观察到 CA 和 CS 的崩解时间对于 CA 和 CS 均小于 30 分钟。体外溶出曲线表明，CA 胶囊的溶出百分比在 pH 4.5 时较好，而 CS 在 pH 1.2、4.5 和 6.8 时较差。使用 Noyes-Whitney 和 Peppas-Sahlin 零级修正规则确定基于角叉菜胶的硬壳胶囊的药物释放动力学曲线。角叉菜胶胶囊的药物释放遵循零级动力学，尤其是在 pH 6.8 时，并与 Higuchi 模型进行比较。在 pH 6.8 的 CA 硬壳胶囊中，水杨酰胺的释放速率常数 (kH) 为 2.91 %(ppm/ ppm) min-1/2，而 CS 的释放速率常数为 0.36 %(ppm/ppm) min- 1.