Abstract Two-photon polymerization direct laser writing (TPP DLW) is an emerging technology for producing advanced functional devices with complex three-dimensional (3D) micro-structures. Tremendous efforts have been devoted to developing two-photon polymerizable photo-sensitive nanocomposites with tailored properties. Light-induced reconfigurable smart materials such as liquid crystalline elastomers (LCEs) are promising materials. However, due to the difficulties in designing two-photon polymerizable liquid crystal monomer (LCM) nanocomposite photoresists, it is challenging to fabricate true 3D LCE micro-structures. In this paper, we report the preparation of photo-sensitive LCE nanocomposites containing photothermal nanomaterials, including multiwalled carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide and gold nanorods (AuNRs), for TPP DLW. The printability of the LCE nanocomposites is assessed by the fidelity of the micro-structures under different laser writing conditions. DLW of GO/LCM photoresist has shown a vigorous bubble formation. This may be due to the excessive heat generation upon rapid energy absorption of 780 nm laser energy. Compared to pure LCM photoresists, AuNR/LCM photoresists have a lower laser intensity threshold and higher critical laser scanning speed, due to the high absorption of AuNRs at 780 nm, which enhanced the photo-sensitivity of the photoresist. Therefore, a shorter printing time can be achieved for the AuNR/LCM photoresist.

中文翻译：

---

使用双光子聚合的光敏纳米复合材料的可印刷性

摘要 两光子聚合直接激光写入 (TPP DLW) 是一种新兴技术，用于生产具有复杂三维 (3D) 微结构的先进功能器件。人们付出了巨大的努力来开发具有定制特性的双光子可聚合光敏纳米复合材料。液晶弹性体（LCE）等光诱导可重构智能材料是很有前途的材料。然而，由于设计双光子可聚合液晶单体 (LCM) 纳米复合光刻胶的困难，制造真正的 3D LCE 微结构具有挑战性。在本文中，我们报告了用于 TPP DLW 的包含光热纳米材料的光敏 LCE 纳米复合材料的制备，包括多壁碳纳米管、氧化石墨烯和金纳米棒 (AuNRs)。LCE 纳米复合材料的可印刷性是通过不同激光写入条件下微结构的保真度来评估的。GO/LCM 光刻胶的 DLW 显示出强烈的气泡形成。这可能是由于 780 nm 激光能量的快速能量吸收会产生过多的热量。与纯LCM光刻胶相比，AuNR/LCM光刻胶具有更低的激光强度阈值和更高的临界激光扫描速度，这是由于AuNRs在780 nm处的高吸收，增强了光刻胶的光敏性。因此，AuNR/LCM 光刻胶可以实现更短的印刷时间。这可能是由于 780 nm 激光能量的快速能量吸收会产生过多的热量。与纯LCM光刻胶相比，AuNR/LCM光刻胶具有更低的激光强度阈值和更高的临界激光扫描速度，这是由于AuNRs在780 nm处的高吸收，增强了光刻胶的光敏性。因此，AuNR/LCM 光刻胶可以实现更短的印刷时间。这可能是由于 780 nm 激光能量的快速能量吸收会产生过多的热量。与纯LCM光刻胶相比，AuNR/LCM光刻胶具有更低的激光强度阈值和更高的临界激光扫描速度，这是由于AuNRs在780 nm处的高吸收，增强了光刻胶的光敏性。因此，AuNR/LCM 光刻胶可以实现更短的印刷时间。