Plankton assemblages can be altered to different degrees by mining. Here, we test how diatoms and cladocerans in ponds along a river in southern Poland respond to the cessation of the long-term Pb-Zn mining. There are two groups of subsidence ponds in the river valley. One of them (DOWN) was contaminated over a period of mining, which ceased in 2009, whereas the other (UP) appeared after the mining had stopped. We used diatoms and cladocerans (complete organisms in plankton and their remains in sediments) to reveal the influence of environmental change on the structure and density of organisms. The water of UP pond was more contaminated by major ions (SO42−, Cl−) and nutrients (NO3−, PO43−) than the DOWN ponds. Inversely, concentrations of Zn, Cd, Cu and Pb were significantly higher in sediment cores of DOWN ponds in comparison to those in the UP pond. Ponds during mining had higher diversity of diatoms and cladocerans than the pond formed after the mining had stopped. CCA showed that diatom and cladoceran communities related most significantly to concentrations of Pb in sediment cores. Comparison of diatom and cladoceran communities in plankton and sediment suggests significant recovery of assemblages in recent years and reduction of the harmful effect of mine-originating heavy metals. Some features of ponds such as the rate of water exchange by river flow and the presence of water plants influenced plankton communities more than the content of dissolved heavy metals.

中文翻译：

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受矿井水影响的沉降池硅藻和枝角类群落的新和古湖沼学研究（波兰南部）

浮游生物组合可以通过采矿在不同程度上改变。在这里，我们测试了波兰南部一条河流沿岸池塘中的硅藻和枝角类动物如何对长期 Pb-Zn 开采的停止做出反应。河谷内有两组沉降池。其中一个 (DOWN) 在采矿期间受到污染，于 2009 年停止，而另一个 (UP) 在采矿停止后出现。我们使用硅藻和枝角类动物（浮游生物中的完整生物及其沉积物中的残留物）来揭示环境变化对生物结构和密度的影响。上水池的水比下水池受到主要离子（SO42-、Cl-）和营养物（NO3-、PO43-）的污染。相反，Zn、Cd、与 UP 池塘相比，DOWN 池塘的沉积物核心中的 Cu 和 Pb 显着更高。与停止采矿后形成的池塘相比，采矿期间的池塘中硅藻和枝角类动物的多样性更高。CCA 显示硅藻和枝角类群落与沉积物核心中的 Pb 浓度最显着相关。浮游生物和沉积物中硅藻和枝角类群落的比较表明近年来组合显着恢复，并减少了源自矿山的重金属的有害影响。池塘的一些特征，如河流水流交换率和水生植物的存在，对浮游生物群落的影响大于溶解重金属的含量。CCA 显示硅藻和枝角类群落与沉积物核心中的 Pb 浓度最显着相关。浮游生物和沉积物中硅藻和枝角类群落的比较表明近年来组合显着恢复，并减少了源自矿山的重金属的有害影响。池塘的一些特征，如河流水流交换率和水生植物的存在，对浮游生物群落的影响大于溶解重金属的含量。CCA 显示硅藻和枝角类群落与沉积物核心中的 Pb 浓度最显着相关。浮游生物和沉积物中硅藻和枝角类群落的比较表明近年来组合显着恢复，并减少了源自矿山的重金属的有害影响。池塘的一些特征，如河流水流交换率和水生植物的存在，对浮游生物群落的影响大于溶解重金属的含量。