In the last decade, awareness and use of the concept of 4R Nutrient Stewardship (4RNS) has increased dramatically among practitioners and researchers focused on nutrient management. The term “4R” refers to use of the right source, right rate, right time, and right place in nutrient management. These four factors have been recognized as the major pillars of nutrient best management practices for at least 30 yr. However, the framework of 4RNS (which embeds the 4Rs in a cropping system and landscape that supports the environmental, economic, and social dimensions of sustainability) is a recent development. The global framework evolved through multiple versions over the last decade in a multi‐sector collaborative effort to create a science‐based concept to guide all involved in nutrient management practice, research, and communication. However, evidence‐based 4RNS largely remains under development as measured datasets supporting simultaneous effects of sets of practices on performance indicators of sustainability are in short supply. Indicators include categories such as farmland productivity, soil health, nutrient use efficiency, water quality, air quality, greenhouse gas emissions, food and nutrition security, biodiversity, and economic value. Such collaborative, multidisciplinary research is underway and is intended to foster continued evolution of our understanding of what is “right” for specific sets of conditions. Progress has occurred in recognition of the shared goals of public and private sectors and the value of true collaboration in advancing science‐based nutrient stewardship.

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简述4R营养管理的起源

在过去的十年中，致力于营养管理的从业人员和研究人员对4R营养管理（4RNS）概念的认识和使用急剧增加。术语“ 4R”是指在养分管理中使用正确的来源，正确的比率，正确的时间和正确的位置。在至少30年的时间里，这四个因素已被视为养分最佳管理实践的主要支柱。但是，4RNS框架（将4R嵌入到支持可持续性的环境，经济和社会维度的种植系统和景观中）是最近的发展。在过去的十年中，该全球框架在多个部门的共同努力下演变成多个版本，以创建一个以科学为基础的概念，以指导营养管理实践，研究和交流中的所有参与者。然而，基于证据的4RNS在很大程度上仍处于开发阶段，因为缺乏支持一系列实践对可持续性绩效指标同时产生影响的测量数据集。指标包括农田生产力，土壤健康，养分利用效率，水质，空气质量，温室气体排放，粮食和营养安全，生物多样性和经济价值等类别。这种合作的，多学科的研究正在进行中，旨在促进我们对特定条件的“正确”理解的不断发展。在认识到公共和私营部门的共同目标以及真正合作在推进基于科学的营养管理方面的价值方面取得了进展。