Southeast Asia hosts a rich concentration of biodiversity within multiple biodiversity hotspots. Indochina, a region with remarkably high levels of in situ diversification, possesses five major rivers (Ayeyarwady, Chiang Mai, Mekong, Red, and Salween), several of which coincide with phylogenetic breaks of terrestrial taxa. Draco maculatus possesses a range that stretches across Indochina, which widespread geographic distribution along with potential discrete variation within subspecies alludes to the possibility of this taxon constituting multiple divergent lineages. Using sequence data from three mitochondrial (12S, 16S, and ND2) and three nuclear (BDNF, CMOS, and PNN) genes, we provide the first estimated phylogeny of this hypothesized species complex and examine its phylogeographic architecture with maximum likelihood and Bayes factor delimitation (BFD) approaches. Our results support multiple divergent lineages with phylogenetic breaks coincident with rivers, indicating that river barriers may be contributing to the elevated levels of in situ diversification of Indochina.

东南亚在多个生物多样性热点地区蕴藏着丰富的生物多样性。印度支那是一个原生境多样化程度很高的地区，拥有五条主要河流（伊洛瓦底江，清迈河，湄公河，红色河和萨尔温江河），其中一些与陆生类群发生系统性断裂。斑马龙（Draco maculatus）的分布范围遍及印度支那，其广泛的地理分布以及亚种内潜在的离散变异都暗示了该分类群构成多个不同谱系的可能性。使用来自三个线粒体（12S，16S和ND2）和三个核仁（BDNF，CMOS）的序列数据，以及PNN）基因，我们提供了该假设物种复合体的第一个系统发育树，并以最大似然和贝叶斯定界（BFD）方法检查了其系统结构。我们的结果支持与河流同时发生系统发育断裂的多个发散世系，表明河流障碍可能是印度支那原位多样化水平升高的原因。