Background: Sepsis is defined as a dysregulated host response to infection, resulting in life-threatening organ dysfunction. It is now understood that this dysregulation not only constitutes excessive inflammation, but also sustained immune suppression. Immune-modulatory therapies thus have great potential for novel sepsis therapies. Here, we provide a review of biomarkers and functional assays designed to immunologically stage patients with sepsis as well as therapies designed to alter the innate and adaptive immune systems of patients with sepsis beneficially.

中文翻译：

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感染和败血症的分期和个性化干预

背景：败血症被定义为宿主对感染的失调反应，导致危及生命的器官功能障碍。现在了解到，这种失调不仅构成过度炎症，而且还构成持续的免疫抑制。因此，免疫调节疗法对于新型败血症疗法具有巨大潜力。在这里，我们回顾了旨在对脓毒症患者进行免疫分期的生物标志物和功能测定，以及旨在有益地改变脓毒症患者的先天性和适应性免疫系统的疗法。