Acute aortic dissection (AAD) is one of the most common fatal diseases noted in vascular surgery. Human monocytes circulate in dynamic equilibrium and display a considerable heterogeneity. However, the role of monocytes in AAD remains elusive. In our recent study, we firstly obtained blood samples from 22 patients with Stanford type B AAD and 44 age-, sex-, and comorbidity-matched control subjects. And the monocyte proportions were evaluated by flow cytometry. Results showed that the percentage of total CD14⁺ monocytes in the blood samples of Stanford AAD patients was increased significantly compared with that of normal volunteers (), and the absolute numbers of CD14^brightCD16⁺ and CD14^brightCD16^- monocytes both increased significantly regardless of the percentage of PBMC or CD14⁺ cells, while CD14^dimCD16⁺ monocytes displayed the opposite tendency. However, the percentage of CD14⁺ cells and its three subsets demonstrated no correlation with D-dimer (DD) and C-reactive protein (CRP). Then, blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples were collected by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation, followed with CD14⁺ magnetic bead sorting. After the purity of CD14⁺ cells was validated over 90%, AAD-related genes were concentrated in CD14⁺ monocytes. There were no significant differences observed with regard to the mRNA expression levels of MMP1 (), MMP2 (), MMP9 (), IL-6 (), and IL-10 () of the CD14⁺ monocytes in Stanford type B AAD patients compared with those of normal volunteers. The expression levels of IL-17 () was higher in Stanford type B AAD patients, while the expression levels of TIMP1(P<0.05), TIMP2(P<0.01), TGF-β1 (), SMAD3 (), ACTA2 (), and ADAMTS-1 () decreased. The data suggested that monocytes might play an important role in the development of Stanford type B AAD. Understanding of the production, differentiation, and function of monocyte subsets might dictate future therapeutic avenues for Stanford type B AAD treatment and can aid the identification of novel biomarkers or potential therapeutic targets for decreasing inflammation in AAD.

中文翻译：

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斯坦福大学B型急性主动脉夹层中单核细胞的特征和意义。

急性主动脉夹层（AAD）是血管外科手术中最常见的致命疾病之一。人单核细胞以动态平衡循环并显示出很大的异质性。但是，单核细胞在AAD中的作用仍然难以捉摸。在我们最近的研究中，我们首先从22名斯坦福大学B AAD患者和44位年龄，性别和合并症匹配的对照受试者中获得了血液样本。并通过流式细胞仪评估单核细胞的比例。结果显示，与正常志愿者相比，斯坦福AAD患者血液样本中CD14 ⁺单核细胞总数的百分比显着增加（），和CD14的绝对数量^明亮的CD16 ⁺和CD14^明亮的CD16 ^-单核细胞均上升显著无论PBMC或CD14的百分比⁺细胞，而CD14^暗淡CD16 ⁺单核细胞所显示的相反的趋势。但是，CD14 ⁺细胞及其三个亚群的百分比与D-二聚体（DD）和C反应蛋白（CRP）无关。然后，通过Ficoll密度梯度离心收集血液单核细胞（PBMC）样品，然后进行CD14 ⁺磁珠分选。纯化后的CD14 ⁺细胞被验证超过90％，AAD相关基因集中在CD14 ⁺单核细胞中。关于MMP1的mRNA表达水平，没有观察到显着差异（）， MMP2（）， MMP9（）， IL-6（）和IL-10（）与正常志愿者相比，斯坦福大学B型AAD患者的CD14 ⁺单核细胞）。的表达水平的IL-17（）在斯坦福大学B型AAD患者中较高，而TIMP1（P <0.05），TIMP2（P <0.01）， TGF-β1（T）， SMAD3（）， ACTA2（）和ADAMTS-1（）减少。数据表明单核细胞可能在斯坦福B型AAD的发展中起重要作用。对单核细胞亚群的产生，分化和功能的了解可能决定了斯坦福大学B型AAD治疗的未来治疗途径，并且可以帮助鉴定新型生物标志物或减轻AAD炎症的潜在治疗靶标。