With varied implications, Ghana’s temperature and rainfall are projected to rise and decline, respectively. A study exposing specific areas of concern for appropriate responses in this regard is a welcome one. This study sought to describe the temporal variations in temperature and rainfall in the Bawku Area of Ghana. A forty-year (1976–2015) daily climate data was collected on three meteorological stations from the Ghana Meteorological Agency. Normality test, homogeneity test, Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) analysis, Mann–Kendall trend test, and One-way post hoc ANOVA were performed using XLSTAT and DrinC. Over the period under study, the mean annual rainfall pattern was generally erratic, fluctuating between 669.8 mm and 1339.4.6 mm with an annual average of 935.3 mm. The long-term (40-year period) average temperature of the three stations, on the other hand, was 28.7°C, varying between 26.9°C and 29.9°C annually. Whereas the SPI value of 2006 was ≥2.0, indicating extremely wet year with 2.3% probability of recurring once every 50 years, 1988 was the hottest year with temperature anomaly value of 1.2°C, while coolest years were 1979 (−1.8°C) and 1976 (−1.0°C). The Mann–Kendall trend test showed a rise in rainfall in Binduri, Garu-Tempane, and Manga, yet none of the rainfall changes were statistically significant (). Mean temperature on the other hand experienced a significant rise (). With an R-square of 34.7%, the rise in temperature in Manga witnessed the most significant change in annual temperature changes. There were statistically significant () differences in the interdecadal temperature over the 40-year period. Generally, it can be stated that both temperature and rainfall vary in the study area with various degrees of disparities, but temperature assumes an upward trend at a faster rate. We therefore recommend that stakeholders resort to the construction of dams and boreholes to ensure regular availability of water for both domestic and agricultural uses.

中文翻译：

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加纳Bawku地区年气温和降雨量的时间描述

加纳的温度和降雨量预计将分别上升和下降，这将产生不同的影响。一项值得欢迎的研​​究是揭露特定关注领域以便在这方面做出适当回应。本研究试图描述加纳Bawku地区温度和降雨的时间变化。从加纳气象局的三个气象站收集了40年（1976-2015年）的每日气候数据。使用XLSTAT和DrinC进行了正态性检验，均质性检验，标准化降水指数（SPI）分析，Mann–Kendall趋势检验以及单向事后ANOVA。在所研究的时期内，年平均降雨模式总体上是不稳定的，在669.8毫米和1339.4.6毫米之间波动，年平均为935.3毫米。另一方面，三个站的长期（40年）平均温度为28.7°C，每年在26.9°C和29.9°C之间变化。2006年的SPI值≥2.0，表明极度潮湿的年份每隔50年重复发生概率为2.3％，而1988年是最热的年份，温度异常值为1.2°C，而最凉的年份是1979年（-1.8°C）和1976（-1.0°C）。曼恩·肯德尔（Mann-Kendall）趋势测试表明，Binduri，Garu-Tempane和Manga的降雨量有所增加，但所有降雨量的变化均无统计学意义（最冷的年份是1979年（−1.8°C）和1976年（−1.0°C）。曼恩·肯德尔（Mann-Kendall）趋势测试表明，Binduri，Garu-Tempane和Manga的降雨量有所增加，但所有降雨量的变化均无统计学意义（最冷的年份是1979年（−1.8°C）和1976年（−1.0°C）。曼恩·肯德尔（Mann-Kendall）趋势测试表明，Binduri，Garu-Tempane和Manga的降雨量有所增加，但所有降雨量的变化均无统计学意义（）。另一方面，平均温度显着升高（）。漫画中的温度升高具有34.7％的R平方，见证了年度温度变化中最显着的变化。在40年期间，年代际温度存在统计学差异（）。通常，可以说研究区域的温度和降雨量都不同，差异程度也不同，但是温度呈现出以更快的速度上升的趋势。因此，我们建议利益相关者诉诸建造大坝和钻孔，以确保家庭和农业用水的定期供应。