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Poly(glycolic acid) (PGA): a versatile building block expanding high performance and sustainable bioplastic applications
Green Chemistry ( IF 9.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-01 , DOI: 10.1039/d0gc01394c
Paresh Kumar Samantaray 1, 2, 3, 4 , Alastair Little 1, 2, 3, 4 , David M. Haddleton 3, 4, 5 , Tony McNally 1, 2, 3, 4 , Bowen Tan 6, 7, 8, 9 , Zhaoyang Sun 6, 7, 8, 9 , Weijie Huang 6, 7, 8, 9 , Yang Ji 6, 7, 8, 9 , Chaoying Wan 1, 2, 3, 4
Affiliation  

The concerns about the accumulating plastic waste pollution have stimulated the rapid development of bioplastics, in particular biodegradable bioplastics derived from renewable resources. Driven by a low carbon circular economy, bioplastics production is estimated to reach a 40% share of the plastics market by 2030 (Bioplastics Market Data, 2018). It is expected to substitute petrochemical-based plastics in many applications, from food packaging, pharmaceuticals, electronics, agriculture to textiles. The current biodegradable bioplastics have met challenges in competing with engineering polymers such as PET and Nylon in terms of processing capacity at the industry scale, mechanical robustness, thermal resistance, and stability. Poly(glycolic acid) (PGA) has a similar chemical structure to PLA but without the methyl side group, which allows the polymer chains to pack together tightly and results in a high degree of crystallinity (45–55%), high thermal stability (Tm = 220–230 °C), exceptionally high gas barrier (3 times higher than EVOH), as well as high mechanical strength (115 MPa) and stiffness (7 GPa). Meanwhile, PGA is rapidly biodegradable and 100% compostable, showing a similar biodegradation profile to cellulose. To date, PGA has been mainly used in the form of copolymers, such as poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA). Its unique properties have often been overlooked and are yet to be explored. This is caused by its intrinsic characteristics such as high hydrophilicity, rapid degradation, insolubility in most organic solvents and brittleness that have hindered its practical applications. Here we introduced the synthetic chemistry, processing methods, modification, and applications of PGA, aiming to provide a critical discussion about the technical challenges, development opportunities, and solutions for PGA-based materials. The future direction and perspectives for high-performance PGA are proposed. Given its synthesis diversity and unique properties, PGA shows great potential to substitute engineering petrochemical-based polymers for high temperature and high gas barrier packaging applications.

中文翻译:

聚乙醇酸(PGA):扩展高性能和可持续生物塑料应用的多功能构件

对累积的塑料废物污染的担忧刺激了生物塑料的迅速发展,特别是源自可再生资源的可生物降解的生物塑料。在低碳循环经济的推动下,到2030年,生物塑料的产量估计将达到塑料市场40%的份额(生物塑料市场数据,2018年)。从食品包装,药品,电子,农业到纺织品,它有望在许多应用中替代石油化学基塑料。当前的可生物降解的生物塑料在工业规模的加工能力,机械强度,耐热性和稳定性方面与工程聚合物(例如PET和尼龙)竞争时遇到了挑战。聚乙醇酸(PGA)具有与PLA相似的化学结构,但没有甲基侧基,T m = 220–230°C),极高的阻气性(比EVOH高3倍),高机械强度(115 MPa)和刚度(7 GPa)。同时,PGA具有快速生物降解性和100%可堆肥性,显示出与纤维素相似的生物降解特性。迄今为止,PGA已主要用在共聚物,如聚的形式(乳酸--乙醇酸(PLGA)。它的独特属性经常被忽视,有待探索。这是由于其固有的特性,例如高亲水性,快速降解,在大多数有机溶剂中的不溶性和脆性而阻碍了其实际应用。在这里,我们介绍了PGA的合成化学,加工方法,改性方法和应用,旨在对PGA基材料的技术挑战,发展机遇和解决方案进行重要讨论。提出了高性能PGA的未来方向和前景。鉴于其合成的多样性和独特的性能,PGA具有巨大的潜力,可以替代工程石化基聚合物用于高温和高阻气性包装应用。
更新日期:2020-07-06
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