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Optimization of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Enhances Biocontrol Function and Net Income
Journal of Economic Entomology ( IF 2.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-31 , DOI: 10.1093/jee/toaa112
Leyun Wang 1, 2 , Feng Gao 1 , Gadi V P Reddy 3 , Zihua Zhao 1
Affiliation  

Abstract The intensive use of nitrogen fertilizer has been a common approach for pursuing higher crop yields. However, the ecological effects of such use on the tritrophic interactions (crop–insect pest–natural enemy) and on the ecological and economic benefits of such use are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effects of low, medium, and high levels of nitrogen fertilizer inputs (70, 140, and 280 kg/ha/yr) on cereal aphid (Sitobion avenae Fabricius [Hemiptera: Aphididae], Schizaphis graminum Rondani [Hemiptera: Aphididae], and Rhopalosiphum padi L. [Hemiptera: Aphididae]) abundance, primary parasitism rates, crop yield, and net income in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum [Poales: Poaceae] cv. Zhou 22) for 2 yr. A higher input of nitrogen fertilizer significantly enhanced the abundance of cereal aphids, while their primary parasitism rates (26.9 ± 3.5% in 2018 and 24.9 ± 4.5% in 2019) were highest at the medium nitrogen level. The performance of participants in the wheat–aphids–parasitoids system was likewise mediated by the nitrogen fertilizers. Meanwhile, wheat yield significantly increased with moderate increases in the nitrogen level, although overuse of nitrogen fertilizer did not significantly further enhance wheat yield. Finally, we found either low or overuse of nitrogen fertilizers resulted in lower net income than did medium nitrogen fertilization. These results demonstrate the need to reevaluate and adjust fertilizer use to optimize the eco-economic and sustainable management of agroecosystems.

中文翻译:

优化氮肥施用提高生防功能和净收益

摘要 氮肥的集约使用已成为提高作物产量的常用方法。然而,这种利用对三营养相互作用(作物-昆虫害虫-天敌)的生态影响以及这种利用的生态和经济效益知之甚少。在这里,我们研究了低、中和高水平的氮肥输入(70、140 和 280 公斤/公顷/年)对谷类蚜虫(Sitobion avenae Fabricius [半翅目:蚜科]、Schizaphis graminum Rondani [半翅目:蚜科]和 Rhopalosiphum padi L. [半翅目:蚜科]) 2 年的冬小麦(小麦 [Poales:禾本科] cv. Zhou 22)丰度、初级寄生率、作物产量和净收入。较高的氮肥投入显着提高了谷蚜的丰度,而它们的初级寄生率(2018 年为 26.9±3.5%,2019 年为 24.9±4.5%)在中等氮水平时最高。小麦-蚜虫-寄生蜂系统参与者的表现同样由氮肥介导。同时,小麦产量显着增加,氮水平适度增加,尽管过度使用氮肥并没有进一步显着提高小麦产量。最后,我们发现氮肥的低使用量或过度使用导致的净收入低于中氮肥。这些结果表明需要重新评估和调整肥料的使用,以优化农业生态系统的生态经济和可持续管理。小麦-蚜虫-寄生蜂系统参与者的表现同样由氮肥介导。同时,小麦产量显着增加,氮水平适度增加,尽管过度使用氮肥并没有进一步显着提高小麦产量。最后,我们发现氮肥的低使用量或过度使用导致的净收入低于中氮肥。这些结果表明需要重新评估和调整肥料的使用,以优化农业生态系统的生态经济和可持续管理。小麦-蚜虫-寄生蜂系统参与者的表现同样由氮肥介导。同时,小麦产量显着增加,氮水平适度增加,尽管过度使用氮肥并没有进一步显着提高小麦产量。最后,我们发现氮肥的低使用量或过度使用导致的净收入低于中氮肥。这些结果表明需要重新评估和调整肥料的使用,以优化农业生态系统的生态经济和可持续管理。我们发现,与中等氮肥相比,氮肥的低使用量或过度使用导致的净收入较低。这些结果表明需要重新评估和调整肥料的使用,以优化农业生态系统的生态经济和可持续管理。我们发现,与中等氮肥相比,氮肥的低使用量或过度使用导致的净收入较低。这些结果表明需要重新评估和调整肥料的使用,以优化农业生态系统的生态经济和可持续管理。
更新日期:2020-05-31
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