Synthetic industrial wastewater samples containing mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), and lead (Pb) ions in various concentrations were prepared and treated by air gap membrane distillation (AGMD), a promising method for heavy metals removal. Three different membrane pore sizes (0.2, 0.45, and 1 μm) which are commercially available (TF200, TF450, and TF1000) were tested to assess their effectiveness in combination with various heavy metal concentrations and operating parameters (flow rate 1–5 L/min, feed temperature 40–70 °C, and pH 2–11). The results indicated that a high removal efficiency of the heavy metals was achieved by AGMD. TF200 and TF450 showed excellent membrane removal efficiency, which was above 96% for heavy metal ions in a wide range of concentrations. In addition, there was no significant influence of the pH value on the metal removal efficiency. Energy consumption was monitored at different membrane pore sizes and was found to be almost independent of membrane pore size and metal type.

中文翻译：

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通过气隙膜蒸馏去除汞、砷和铅：实验研究

制备含有不同浓度汞 (Hg)、砷 (As) 和铅 (Pb) 离子的合成工业废水样品，并通过气隙膜蒸馏 (AGMD) 进行处理，这是一种很有前景的重金属去除方法。测试了市售的三种不同的膜孔径（0.2、0.45 和 1 μm）（TF200、TF450 和 TF1000），以评估它们结合各种重金属浓度和操作参数（流速 1-5 L/分钟，进料温度 40–70 °C，pH 2–11）。结果表明，AGMD 实现了对重金属的高去除效率。TF200 和 TF450 表现出优异的膜去除效率，在较宽的浓度范围内对重金属离子均超过 96%。此外，pH值对金属去除效率没有显着影响。在不同的膜孔径下监测能量消耗，发现几乎与膜孔径和金属类型无关。