Overweight and obesity are regarded as world epidemics and are major risk factors for a number of chronic diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Two new highly palatable extruded mixes based on rice and pea (Pisum sativum) or kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) meals were incorporated into normocaloric or obesogenic diets for rats at a low inclusion level (25%). Our purpose was to evaluate the effects of dietary incorporation of this new food ingredient on lipid profile. Organs (heart, liver, kidneys, spleen, stomach, small intestine, colon, cecum) and visceral fat relative weights were different (p < 0.01) from controls for animals fed the obesogenic diets and in rats fed extruded diets with respect to controls. Faecal excretion of bile acids was higher (p < 0.01) for rats fed extruded mixes compared with controls. The inclusion of extruded mixes replacing part of the casein in the control diet lowered liver cholesterol and triglycerides (p < 0.001) and plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL; p < 0.01) values, although plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was unaltered. Both the inclusion of extruded mixes and the use of obesogenic diets resulted in significantly (p < 0.001) different long chain fatty acid (LCFA) profiles in liver and visceral fat. Incorporating extruded legume plus cereal mixes beneficially influenced lipid metabolism, and would therefore deserve closer attention in human intervention studies, particularly with adolescents. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the nutritional and physiological effects of extruded legume plus cereal mixes.

中文翻译：

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在大鼠正常热量或致肥胖饮食中添加有限量的挤压豆类和谷物混合物：对脂质谱的影响。

超重和肥胖被视为世界流行病，是许多慢性疾病的主要危险因素，包括糖尿病、心血管疾病和癌症。将两种基于大米和豌豆 ( Pisum sativum ) 或芸豆 ( Phaseolus vulgaris ) 膳食的新型高度适口的挤压混合物以低含量 (25%) 纳入大鼠的正常热量或致肥胖饮食中。我们的目的是评估饮食中添加这种新食品成分对血脂的影响。与对照组相比，饲喂致肥饮食的动物和饲喂挤压饲料的大鼠的器官（心脏、肝脏、肾脏、脾脏、胃、小肠、结肠、盲肠）和内脏脂肪相对重量与对照组不同（p < 0.01）。与对照组相比，饲喂挤压混合物的大鼠粪便中胆汁酸的排泄量更高（p < 0.01）。在对照饮食中添加挤压混合物替代部分酪蛋白可降低肝脏胆固醇和甘油三酯 ( p < 0.001) 以及血浆低密度脂蛋白 (LDL; p < 0.01) 值，但血浆高密度脂蛋白 (HDL) 没有改变。挤压混合物的加入和致肥饮食的使用都会导致肝脏和内脏脂肪中的长链脂肪酸 (LCFA) 分布显着不同 ( p < 0.001)。将挤压豆类和谷物混合物结合起来有益地影响脂质代谢，因此值得在人类干预研究中得到更密切的关注，特别是针对青少​​年。据我们所知，这是第一份关于挤压豆类和谷物混合物的营养和生理影响的报告。