Different from the contrary‐old alkaline Zn‐based batteries, aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) refer to a series of safe, long‐life and low‐cost secondary batteries with divalent Zn²⁺ working as charge carriers. Compared to market dominant lithium ion batteries (LIBs) and Pb‐acid batteries, aqueous ZIBs feature a precious balance between safety, cost, lifetime, environmental benignity and energy/power density, due to their unique chemistry. The high performances of these batteries stem from the high‐capacities and large redox potential differences of cathodes/anodes, along with the swift redox reactions in the high ionic conductive aqueous electrolytes. With all components being intrinsically safe, stable, low cost and non‐corrosive, aqueous ZIBs hold promising prospects in application fields ranging from large scale energy storage systems to wearable electronics. In this paper, we comprehensively reviewed significant advances in aqueous ZIBs since their innovation in 1986, regarding the Zn²⁺‐storage mechanisms/design of cathodes, side reactions/stabilizing strategies of anodes/electrolytes, and especially the influence/optimization of current collectors and separators. Finally, a conclusion and outlook on current challenges and research trends of ZIBs is provided. This review attempts to present a general picture of the exploration and evolution of aqueous ZIBs, and to provide some guides for the further development of these energetic yet safe energy storage devices.

中文翻译：

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含轻度电解质的可充电水性锌离子电池：全面综述

与使用过时的碱性锌基电池不同，水性锌离子电池（ZIB）是指一系列具有二价Zn ²⁺的安全，长寿命和低成本的二次电池作为电荷载体。与市场上占主导地位的锂离子电池（LIB）和铅酸电池相比，水性ZIB由于其独特的化学性质，在安全性，成本，使用寿命，环境良性和能量/功率密度之间具有宝贵的平衡。这些电池的高性能归因于阴极/阳极的高容量和大的氧化还原电势差，以及高离子导电性水性电解质中的快速氧化还原反应。由于所有组件本质上都是安全，稳定，低成本且无腐蚀的，因此水性ZIB在从大型储能系统到可穿戴电子产品的应用领域中具有广阔的前景。在本文中，我们全面回顾了自1986年以来ZIBs水溶液中有关Zn ^2+的重大进展。-阴极的存储机理/设计，阳极/电解质的副反应/稳定化策略，尤其是集电器和隔板的影响/优化。最后，提供了关于ZIBs当前挑战和研究趋势的结论和展望。本文旨在介绍ZIB水溶液的勘探和演化概况，并为进一步开发这些高能且安全的储能装置提供一些指导。