The decapod family Penaeidae comprises most of the economically important marine shrimp species. Its members are widespread throughout the world, with its highest species diversity centred in the Indo‐West Pacific region. Despite this importance, their taxonomy, classification and phylogeny are not yet settled due in part to incongruence among hypotheses proposed from molecular versus morphological studies. In this study, using a thorough taxonomic sampling of especially the South‐East Asian species, we aim to (a) utilize a reconstructed phylogeny to test the monophyly of the Penaeidae and its currently recognized genera and (b) explore its species diversity in South‐East Asian waters. To infer the phylogeny, a combined gene data set (including 109 ingroup and six outgroup taxa) of mitochondrial genes, COI and 16S rRNA, and two nuclear genes, NaK and PEPCK, was utilized. To explore its diversity, another data set that included 371 COI gene sequences (231 newly generated and 140 retrieved from public sources) was compiled and subsequently analysed with two different tools (ABGD and bPTP) for species delimitation. Other than supporting the non‐monophyly of the Penaeidae with the Sicyoniidae nested within the penaeid tribe Trachypenaeini, the genera Penaeus, Mierspenaeopsis and Parapenaeopsis were also revealed to be polyphyletic. Our species delimitation analysis inferred that 94 putative species actually existed within the 71 morphospecies reviewed, indicating an underestimated biodiversity in this family and the potential presence of new species within the following morphospecies: Kishinouyepenaeopsis cornuta, K. incisa, Mierspenaeopsis sculptilis, M hardwicki, Parapenaeopsis coromandelica and Penaeus monodon.

中文翻译：

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东南亚水域对虾（甲壳纲：十足目）的分子系统发育和多样性

十足纲对虾科包括大多数具有经济重要性的海虾种类。其成员遍布世界各地，其物种多样性最高的地区集中在印度西太平洋地区。尽管具有这种重要性，但由于分子与形态学研究提出的假设不一致，因此它们的分类，分类和系统发育尚未确定。在这项研究中，我们使用特别是东南亚物种的完整分类学样本，旨在（a）利用重建的系统发育学来测试对虾科及其目前公认的属，并且（b）探索其在南美的物种多样性-东亚水域。为了推断系统发育，线粒体基因COI的组合基因数据集（包括109个ingroup和6个outgroup类群）和16S rRNA，以及两个核基因NaK和PEPCK。为了探索其多样性，编制了另一个数据集，其中包括371个COI基因序列（231个新产生的基因和140个从公共资源中检索到的基因），随后使用两种不同的工具（ABGD和bPTP）进行了物种界定。除了支持与所述Sicyoniidae所述对虾科的非单系嵌套在对虾部落Trachypenaeini内，则属对虾，Mierspenaeopsis和哈氏仿也被发现是多系的。我们这个物种划界的分析推断，94个推定物种其实回顾了71个形态种内的存在，说明这个家庭的低估生物多样性和新物种的下列形态种内可能存在：Kishinouyepenaeopsis枸骨，K.因奇萨，Mierspenaeopsis sculptilis，中号hardwicki，哈氏仿coromandelica和斑节对虾。