Evidence is growing that evolutionary dynamics can impact biodiversity–ecosystem functioning (BEF) relationships. However the nature of such impacts remains poorly understood. Here we use a modelling approach to compare random communities, with no trait evolutionary fine‐tuning, and co‐adapted communities, where traits have co‐evolved, in terms of emerging biodiversity–productivity, biodiversity–stability and biodiversity–invasion relationships. Community adaptation impacted most BEF relationships, sometimes inverting the slope of the relationship compared to random communities. Biodiversity–productivity relationships were generally less positive among co‐adapted communities, with reduced contribution of sampling effects. The effect of community‐adaptation, though modest regarding invasion resistance, was striking regarding invasion tolerance: co‐adapted communities could remain very tolerant to invasions even at high diversity. BEF relationships are thus contingent on the history of ecosystems and their degree of community adaptation. Short‐term experiments and observations following recent changes may not be safely extrapolated into the future, once eco‐evolutionary feedbacks have taken place.

中文翻译：

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社区适应如何影响生物多样性与生态系统的功能关系。

越来越多的证据表明进化动力学会影响生物多样性与生态系统功能（BEF）的关系。然而，这种影响的性质仍然知之甚少。在这里，我们使用一种建模方法来比较没有特质进化细微变化的随机群落，以及在新出现的生物多样性－生产力，生物多样性－稳定性和生物多样性－入侵关系方​​面特征共同演变的共同适应的社区。社区适应影响了大多数BEF关系，与随机社区相比，有时会改变关系的斜率。在共同适应的社区中，生物多样性与生产力之间的关系通常较不积极，而采样效应的贡献却降低了。社区适应的影响尽管对入侵抵抗的影响不大，但对于入侵耐受性却是惊人的：即使在高度多样性的情况下，共同适应的社区也可以非常容忍入侵。因此，BEF关系取决于生态系统的历史及其对社区的适应程度。一旦发生了生态进化反馈，近期变化之后的短期实验和观察结果可能无法安全地推论到未来。