Species distribution models (SDMs) constitute the most common class of models across ecology, evolution and conservation. The advent of ready-to-use software pack - ages and increasing availability of digital geoinformation have considerably assisted the application of SDMs in the past decade, greatly enabling their broader use for informing conservation and management, and for quantifying impacts from global change. However, models must be fit for purpose, with all important aspects of their development and applications properly considered. Despite the widespread use of SDMs, standardisation and documentation of modelling protocols remain limited, which makes it hard to assess whether development steps are appropriate for end use. To address these issues, we propose a standard protocol for reporting SDMs, with an emphasis on describing how a study’s objective is achieved through a series of model - ing decisions. We call this the ODMAP (Overview, Data, Model, Assessment and Prediction) protocol, as its components reflect the main steps involved in building SDMs and other empirically-based biodiversity models. The ODMAP protocol serves two main purposes. First, it provides a checklist for authors, detailing key steps for model building and analyses, and thus represents a quick guide and generic workflow for modern SDMs. Second, it introduces a structured format for documenting and communicating the models, ensuring transparency and reproducibility, facilitating peer review and expert evaluation of model quality, as well as meta-analyses. We detail all elements of ODMAP, and explain how it can be used for different model objectives and applications, and how it complements efforts to store associated metadata and define modelling standards. We illustrate its utility by revisiting nine previously published case studies, and provide an interactive web-based application to facilitate its use. We plan to advance ODMAP by encouraging its further refinement and adoption by the scientific community.

中文翻译：

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报告物种分布模型的标准协议

物种分布模型 (SDM) 构成了生态、进化和保护中最常见的一类模型。在过去十年中，即用型软件包的出现和数字地理信息的可用性不断提高，极大地促进了 SDM 的应用，极大地促进了它们在为保护和管理提供信息以及量化全球变化影响方面的更广泛应用。但是，模型必须适合用途，并适当考虑其开发和应用程序的所有重要方面。尽管 SDM 被广泛使用，但建模协议的标准化和文档化仍然有限，这使得很难评估开发步骤是否适合最终使用。为了解决这些问题，我们提出了报告 SDM 的标准协议，重点描述如何通过一系列建模决策来实现研究目标。我们将其称为 ODMAP（概述、数据、模型、评估和预测）协议，因为其组件反映了构建 SDM 和其他基于经验的生物多样性模型所涉及的主要步骤。ODMAP 协议有两个主要目的。首先，它为作者提供了一个清单，详细说明了模型构建和分析的关键步骤，因此代表了现代 SDM 的快速指南和通用工作流程。其次，它引入了一种用于记录和交流模型的结构化格式，确保透明度和可重复性，促进模型质量的同行评审和专家评估以及元分析。我们详细介绍了 ODMAP 的所有元素，并解释了如何将其用于不同的模型目标和应用程序，以及它如何补充存储相关元数据和定义建模标准的工作。我们通过回顾九个以前发表的案例研究来说明它的效用，并提供一个基于网络的交互式应用程序来促进它的使用。我们计划通过鼓励科学界进一步完善和采用 ODMAP 来推进 ODMAP。