Abstract This study provides the first comprehensive description of the Gulf of Cadiz (SW Spain) marine zooplankton community. To do this we compiled information from a number of surveys and monitoring programs carried out in the area over the last 14 years. Using this time-series of quarterly (3 times per year) resolution, we describe their general composition, spatio-temporal variability and relationship with environmental factors. Zooplankton is dominated by copepods (mainly Clausocalanus, Paracalanus, Oncaea and Oithona), except in warm periods, when outbreaks of cladocerans (mainly Penilia avirostris but also Podon intermedius and Pleopis polyphemoides) outnumber copepods, accounting for more than 80% of total abundance on occasion. Zooplankton diversity was found to be higher in deeper waters while the density of most taxa (but not their abundance) decreased towards the ocean. On top of this general coast-ocean pattern a north–south gradient could also be distinguished resulting in three distinct zones. In relation to environmental structuring, mesoscale processes, sea surface temperature, winds, river runoff and primary productivity were identified as main factors shaping this zonation. Overall, zooplankton abundance showed a decreasing trend during the study period (2001–2015), caused by a drop of summer abundances, that was mainly driven by cladocerans.

中文翻译：

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加的斯湾浮游动物：群落结构、分区和时间变化

摘要 本研究首次全面描述了加的斯湾（西班牙西南部）海洋浮游动物群落。为此，我们收集了过去 14 年来在该地区开展的多项调查和监测计划的信息。使用这个季度（每年 3 次）分辨率的时间序列，我们描述了它们的一般组成、时空变异性以及与环境因素的关系。浮游动物以桡足类（主要是 Clausocalanus、Paracalanus、Oncaea 和 Oithona）为主，但在温暖时期，枝角类动物（主要是 Penilia avirostris 但也有 Podon intermedius 和 Pleopis polyphemoides）的爆发超过桡足类，占总丰度的 80% 以上。场合。发现浮游动物的多样性在较深的水域中更高，而大多数分类群的密度（但不是它们的丰度）向海洋下降。在这种一般的海岸-海洋模式之上，还可以区分南北梯度，从而形成三个不同的区域。关于环境结构，中尺度过程、海面温度、风、河流径流和初级生产力被确定为形成该分区的主要因素。总体而言，浮游动物丰度在研究期间（2001-2015 年）呈下降趋势，这是由夏季丰度下降引起的，主要由枝角类动物驱动。中尺度过程、海面温度、风、河流径流和初级生产力被确定为形成这种分区的主要因素。总体而言，浮游动物丰度在研究期间（2001-2015 年）呈下降趋势，这是由夏季丰度下降引起的，主要由枝角类动物驱动。中尺度过程、海面温度、风、河流径流和初级生产力被确定为形成这种分区的主要因素。总体而言，浮游动物丰度在研究期间（2001-2015 年）呈下降趋势，这是由夏季丰度下降引起的，主要由枝角类动物驱动。