Thanks to the recent development in diffractive optical element (DOE) fabrication technique, large aperture diffractive telescope systems have been tremendously studied to achieve high-resolution imaging. In this review, the universal optical design mechanism of a diffractive telescope system is initially elucidated, and the state-of-art progresses of large aperture diffractive optical telescopes are overviewed. Then, we analyze DOE lithography technique, from which we can fabricate DOEs on different substrates. Moreover, we also present subaperture stitching, so that we can obtain large aperture DOEs. Afterwards, different experimentally implemented ground-based diffractive telescope systems are reviewed by emphasizing their advantages. Finally, we propose the prospects with respect to the arising challenges in large aperture diffractive telescope systems.

由于衍射光学元件（DOE）制造技术的最新发展，已经对大孔径衍射望远镜系统进行了深入研究，以实现高分辨率成像。在这篇评论中，首先阐明了衍射望远镜系统的通用光学设计机制，并概述了大孔径衍射光学望远镜的最新技术进展。然后，我们分析了DOE光刻技术，由此可以在不同的基板上制造DOE。此外，我们还介绍了小孔径拼接，因此我们可以获得大孔径的DOE。之后，通过强调其优势，对不同的实验实现的地基衍射望远镜系统进行了回顾。最后，