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Corn yield response to sub-surface banded starter fertilizer in the U.S.: A meta-analysis
Field Crops Research ( IF 5.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2020.107834
Daniel J. Quinn , Chad D. Lee , Hanna J. Poffenbarger

Abstract Sub-surface fertilizer application at planting (i.e., starter fertilization) is a common practice in U.S. corn (Zea Mays L.) production to improve early-season nutrient uptake, nutrient use efficiency, and plant growth, especially under cool and moist spring soil conditions. However, yield increases from starter applications can vary across production systems and environments. Here, we use a meta-analysis approach to quantify and generalize corn yield responses to sub-surface starter fertilizer applications in the U.S. and to understand the management and environmental factors that drive variability in corn yield response across previously published research. This meta-analysis summarizes peer-reviewed research from the U.S. published between 1990 and 2019. The dataset encompasses 474 observations from 23 studies conducted in various locations and includes information regarding management practices used and soil and weather conditions. We calculated effect size as the natural log of the response ratio, with the response ratio determined as corn yield with a starter fertilizer application containing nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) or N, P and potassium (K) relative to corn yield without a starter fertilizer application. Additionally, we investigated the impact of potential moderator variables on corn response to sub-surface starter fertilization (e.g. agronomic practices, soil properties, and weather conditions). On average, fertilizer sub-surface applied in the furrow or banded 5 cm to the side and 5 cm below the seed at planting increased corn yield by 5.2 %. Corn response to starter fertilization was consistent across many agronomic and environmental conditions including different tillage systems, previous crops, soil textures, and planting season weather conditions. Yield benefits decreased with increasing soil test P and K levels. Nevertheless, yield increases from starter fertilization occurred with soil test levels up to 500 % and 300 % of the P and K critical levels, respectively. In addition, corn yield benefits from starter fertilization decreased as corn planting density increased and as corn yield level decreased. Overall, this meta-analysis provides support for the use of sub-surface starter fertilizer applications to improve corn yield.

中文翻译:

美国对地下带状起始肥料的玉米产量响应:荟萃分析

摘要 在美国玉米 (Zea Mays L.) 生产中,种植时施用次表层肥料(即发酵剂施肥)是一种常见做法,可提高早季养分吸收、养分利用效率和植物生长,尤其是在凉爽潮湿的春季土壤条件。但是,入门应用程序的产量增加可能因生产系统和环境而异。在这里,我们使用荟萃分析方法来量化和概括玉米产量对美国地下起始肥料应用的响应,并了解在先前发表的研究中导致玉米产量响应变化的管理和环境因素。该荟萃分析总结了 1990 年至 2019 年间发表的美国同行评审研究。该数据集包含来自在不同地点进行的 23 项研究的 474 项观察结果,并包括有关所使用的管理实践以及土壤和天气条件的信息。我们将效应大小计算为响应比的自然对数,响应比确定为施用含氮 (N) 和磷 (P) 或 N、P 和钾 (K) 的起始肥料的玉米产量相对于未施用的玉米产量施肥起始剂。此外,我们调查了潜在调节变量对玉米对地下发酵剂施肥的反应(例如农艺实践、土壤特性和天气条件)的影响。平均而言,在播种时在犁沟中施肥或在种子侧面 5 厘米处和种子下方 5 厘米处施肥,可使玉米产量提高 5.2%。玉米对发酵剂施肥的反应在许多农艺和环境条件下是一致的,包括不同的耕作系统、以前的作物、土壤质地和种植季节的天气条件。产量效益随着土壤测试 P 和 K 水平的增加而降低。然而,当土壤测试水平分别达到 P 和 K 临界水平的 500% 和 300% 时,开始施肥后产量会增加。此外,随着玉米种植密度的增加和玉米产量水平的下降,从施肥中获得的玉米产量收益下降。总体而言,该荟萃分析为使用地下起始肥料应用来提高玉米产量提供了支持。和种植季节的天气情况。产量效益随着土壤测试 P 和 K 水平的增加而降低。然而,当土壤测试水平分别达到 P 和 K 临界水平的 500% 和 300% 时,开始施肥后产量会增加。此外,随着玉米种植密度的增加和玉米产量水平的下降,从施肥中获得的玉米产量收益下降。总体而言,该荟萃分析为使用地下起始肥料应用来提高玉米产量提供了支持。和种植季节的天气情况。随着土壤测试 P 和 K 水平的增加,产量收益下降。然而,当土壤测试水平分别达到 P 和 K 临界水平的 500% 和 300% 时,开始施肥后产量会增加。此外,随着玉米种植密度的增加和玉米产量水平的下降,从施肥中获得的玉米产量收益下降。总体而言,该荟萃分析为使用地下起始肥料应用来提高玉米产量提供了支持。随着玉米种植密度的增加和玉米产量水平的下降,从施肥中获得的玉米产量收益下降。总体而言,该荟萃分析为使用地下起始肥料应用来提高玉米产量提供了支持。随着玉米种植密度的增加和玉米产量水平的下降,从施肥中获得的玉米产量收益下降。总体而言,该荟萃分析为使用地下起始肥料应用来提高玉米产量提供了支持。
更新日期:2020-09-01
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