Abstract The purpose of this study was to analyze the design characteristics of game-based learning environments in the research literature through a content analysis. Article text was coded in 194 sampled publications on six primary characteristics and 14 secondary characteristics from 2007 to 2017. The results revealed associations between four groups of primary characteristics for a framework including leveled games, problem solving games, open-world multiplayer games, and immersive multiplayer games. The framework of secondary characteristics included paired positive and negative game mechanics, immediate feedback with technology, reward mechanisms that track progress, supportive multi-sensory learning, team structures, and teams with personalization. We conclude the article with a discussion of primary and secondary characteristics in game-based learning, suggestions for reporting game-based learning research, and directions for future research.

中文翻译：

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检验基于游戏的学习的特征：内容分析和设计框架

摘要 本研究的目的是通过内容分析来分析研究文​​献中基于游戏的学习环境的设计特征。从 2007 年到 2017 年，文章文本被编码在 194 个样本出版物中，涉及六个主要特征和 14 个次要特征。结果揭示了框架的四组主要特征之间的关联，包括分级游戏、解决问题游戏、开放世界多人游戏和沉浸式游戏。多人游戏。次要特征的框架包括成对的正面和负面游戏机制、技术的即时反馈、跟踪进度的奖励机制、支持性多感官学习、团队结构和个性化团队。