The present study was conducted to determine the responses of sand dunes, using different restorative measures on different decadal time-scales in desert lands of southwest Iran. The study was carried out using a factorial experiment with a completely randomized design which was replicated three times. Factors consisted of restoration measures (PM-BF: petroleum mulching-biological fixation, PM: petroleum mulching, IP-BF: irrigation practices-biological fixation), history of fixation (<5, 5–10, 10–20, 30–40, and 40–50 years), and depths (<3, 3–10, and 10–40 cm). The physical, mechanical, and chemical properties of sand dunes were measured. Furthermore, vegetation cover parameters included Shannon’s diversity index, and spectral indices were determined. The relative recovery rate (R_r) of sand dune properties for different decades after fixing sand dunes was investigated. The results of this research disclosed that all three measures of PM, IP-BF, and PM-BF led to the improvement of sand dune properties. However, no significant differences were noticed between the effects of different measures of fixing sand dunes on the properties of the sand dune ecosystem. The R_r coefficient of parameters such as Shannon’s diversity index (3.58), organic matter (4.08), clay (2.8), silt (1.78), electrical conductivity (5.78), sodium absorption ratio (5.38), cation exchangeable capacity (1.48), penetration resistance (11.14), and cohesion (4.12) increased over the time period of 30–40 years compared to the initial years of sand dune stabilization (<5 years). The R_r of sand dune properties decreased from the east to west of sand dunes in this study due to a drop in precipitation as well as mismanagement, including deforestation and overgrazing. Therefore, socioeconomic factors play an important role in the recovery of ecosystems in this region.

本研究旨在通过对伊朗西南部沙漠地区不同年代际尺度上使用不同的恢复措施来确定沙丘的响应。这项研究是使用完全随机设计的阶乘实验进行的，该实验被重复了3次。因素包括恢复措施（PM-BF：石油覆盖-生物固定，PM：石油覆盖，IP-BF：灌溉方式-生物固定），固定历史（<5、5-10、10-20、30-40） ，以及40–50年）和深度（<3、3–10和10–40厘米）。测量了沙丘的物理，机械和化学性质。此外，植被覆盖参数包括香农的多样性指数，并确定了光谱指数。相对回收率（R _r）研究了固定沙丘后不同年代的沙丘特性。这项研究的结果表明，PM，IP-BF和PM-BF的所有三种措施均导致沙丘性能的改善。但是，固定沙丘的不同措施对沙丘生态系统特性的影响之间没有发现显着差异。R _r系数的参数，如香农多样性指数（3.58），有机物（4.08），粘土（2.8），粉砂（1.78），电导率（5.78），钠吸收率（5.38），阳离子交换容量（1.48）与沙丘稳定的最初年份（<5年）相比，在30-40年的时间段内，抗渗透性（11.14）和内聚力（4.12）有所增加。将R _{- [R}由于降雨减少以及管理不善（包括森林砍伐和过度放牧），本次研究的沙丘特性从沙丘的东到西依次降低。因此，社会经济因素在该地区生态系统的恢复中起着重要作用。