Background: Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs (miRNAs), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), play significant regulatory roles in plant development and secondary metabolism and are involved in plant response to biotic and abiotic stresses. They have been intensively studied in model systems and crops for approximately two decades and massive amount of information have been obtained. However, for medicinal plants, ncRNAs, particularly their regulatory roles in bioactive compound biosynthesis, are just emerging as a hot research field.

Objective: This review aims to summarize current knowledge on herbal ncRNAs and their regulatory roles in bioactive compound production.

Results: So far, scientists have identified thousands of miRNA candidates from over 50 medicinal plant species and 11794 lncRNAs from Salvia miltiorrhiza, Panax ginseng, and Digitalis purpurea. Among them, more than 30 miRNAs and five lncRNAs have been predicted to regulate bioactive compound production.

Conclusion: The regulation may achieve through various regulatory modules and pathways, such as the miR397-LAC module, the miR12112-PPO module, the miR156-SPL module, the miR828-MYB module, the miR858-MYB module, and other siRNA and lncRNA regulatory pathways. Further functional analysis of herbal ncRNAs will provide useful information for quality and quantity improvement of medicinal plants.

背景：非编码RNA（ncRNA），例如microRNA（miRNA），小干扰RNA（siRNA）和长非编码RNA（lncRNA），在植物发育和次级代谢中起重要的调节作用，并参与植物对生物和非生物胁迫的反应。 。已经在模型系统和农作物中对它们进行了深入研究，大约已有二十年，并且已获得了大量信息。然而，对于药用植物，ncRNA，特别是其在生物活性化合物生物合成中的调控作用，正成为一个热门研究领域。

目的：本综述旨在总结有关草药ncRNA的当前知识及其在生物活性化合物生产中的调控作用。

结果：到目前为止，科学家已经从50多种药用植物中鉴定了数千种miRNA候选物，并且从丹参，人参和洋地黄中提取了11794个lncRNA。其中，据预测有30多个miRNA和5个lncRNA可调节生物活性化合物的产生。

结论：该调控可通过多种调控模块和途径来实现，例如miR397-LAC模块，miR12112-PPO模块，miR156-SPL模块，miR828-MYB模块，miR858-MYB模块以及其他siRNA和lncRNA。监管途径。草药ncRNA的进一步功能分析将为改善药用植物的质量和数量提供有用的信息。