Self-regulation refers to effortful control over one's thoughts, emotions, choices, impulses, and behaviors, and has implications for older adults' health. Executive function, physiological, and subjective indices have all been proposed to reflect self-regulation. Pairwise associations among these indices have been previously examined; however, a self-regulation constellation encompassing all of these indices has never been tested in older adults. The present study described the relationships among indices of self-regulation and tested their between- and within-person associations with upstream personality factors (conscientiousness) and downstream psychological and physical health in 149 older adults aged 60-93 years, assessed semi-annually for five years (up to 10 waves). Indices of self-regulation were only modestly correlated with each other but were each associated with health. Better executive function was associated with better psychological and physical health between and within people, whereas higher heart rate variability was associated with psychological health within people. Better subjective self-regulation had the most between- and within-person associations with better psychological and physical health. Conscientiousness was associated with subjective self-regulation and better psychological and physical health. These findings support the non-unitary nature of self-regulation in older adults and the health relevance of each of its indices between and within older adults. The aging process may change how the indices relate to each other, and older adults may draw more on certain self-regulatory components over others, given limited resources. Subjective self-regulation may be an important final common pathway to psychological and physical health in older adults.

中文翻译：

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老年人的自我调节结构与其心理和身体健康相关。

自我调节是指努力控制自己的思想，情绪，选择，冲动和行为，对老年人的健康有影响。已经提出执行功能，生理和主观指标来反映自我调节。这些索引之间的成对关联以前已被检查过；然而，从未在老年人中测试过包含所有这些指数的自我调节星座。本研究描述了149个60-93岁的老年人的自我调节指标之间的关系，并测试了他们与上游人格因素（责任感）以及下游心理和身体健康之间的人际和人际关联，每半年评估一次五年（最多10次波动）。自我调节的指标之间仅有适度的相关性，但与健康相关。更好的执行功能与人与人之间以及人与人之间的心理和身体健康相关，而更高的心率变异性与人与人之间的心理健康相关。更好的主观自我调节在人与人之间的联想最多，心理和身体健康也更好。尽责与主观自我调节以及更好的心理和身体健康有关。这些发现支持了老年人自我调节的非统一性，以及老年人之间和之内其各项指标与健康的相关性。老化过程可能会改变索引之间的相互关系，在资源有限的情况下，老年人可能会更多地利用某些自我调节成分。主观自我调节可能是老年人心理和身体健康的重要最终共同途径。