Little is known as to whether different operating voltages of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) can affect the accuracy rate for species identification. Here, we have addressed this question by comparing the rate of correct species identification using the elemental composition of either the carpal or tarsal bone obtained from a determination of the different energy values of XRF at 15 and 50 kV using energy-dispersive XRF (ED-XRF). Carpal bones were taken from 16 species and tarsal bones from 11 of these species. The data on the elemental profiles were analyzed by stepwise discriminant analysis for species discrimination. The classification results indicated that 94.1% and 63.7% of the originally grouped cases were correctly classified as carpal bones using 15 kV and 50 kV, respectively. Additionally, 69.4% and 77.3% of the originally grouped cases were correctly classified as tarsal bones using 15 kV and 50 kV, respectively. When the datasets of the elemental profiles obtained using two operating voltages were gathered, the classification results of the prediction rate appeared to be more accurate at 89.7% and 90.7% in the carpal and tarsal bones, respectively. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the elemental profiles of bones obtained using two operating voltages could effectively facilitate accurate species discrimination.

中文翻译：

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使用 X 射线荧光能量差异的动物腕骨和跗骨中的元素分布。

X射线荧光（XRF）的不同工作电压是否会影响物种识别的准确率知之甚少。在这里，我们通过使用能量色散 XRF (ED- XRF）。腕骨取自 16 个物种，跗骨取自其中 11 个物种。通过逐步判别分析来分析元素分布的数据以进行物种判别。分类结果表明，94.1% 和 63.7% 的原始分组病例分别使用 15 kV 和 50 kV 正确分类为腕骨。此外，69.4% 和 77。3% 的原始分组病例分别使用 15 kV 和 50 kV 被正确分类为跗骨。当收集使用两种工作电压获得的元素剖面数据集时，腕骨和跗骨的预测率分类结果似乎更准确，分别为 89.7% 和 90.7%。总之，我们的研究结果表明，使用两种工作电压获得的骨骼元素分布可以有效地促进准确的物种区分。