Mars Extant Life: What's Next? Conference Report.,Astrobiology

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Mars Extant Life: What's Next? Conference Report.
Astrobiology ( IF 4.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-10 , DOI: 10.1089/ast.2020.2237
B L Carrier ₁ , D W Beaty ₁ , M A Meyer ₂ , J G Blank _{3,

4} , L Chou _{5,

6} , S DasSarma ₇ , D J Des Marais ₃ , J L Eigenbrode ₆ , N Grefenstette ₈ , N L Lanza ₉ , A C Schuerger ₁₀ , P Schwendner ₁₀ , H D Smith ₃ , C R Stoker ₃ , J D Tarnas ₁₁ , K D Webster ₁₂ , C Bakermans ₁₃ , B K Baxter ₁₄ , M S Bell ₁₅ , S A Benner ₁₆ , H H Bolivar Torres ₁₇ , P J Boston ₁₈ , R Bruner ₁₉ , B C Clark ₂₀ , P DasSarma ₇ , A E Engelhart ₂₁ , Z E Gallegos ₂₂ , Z K Garvin ₂₃ , P J Gasda ₉ , J H Green ₂₄ , R L Harris ₂₃ , M E Hoffman ₂₂ , T Kieft ₂₅ , A H D Koeppel ₂₆ , P A Lee ₂₇ , X Li ₂₈ , K L Lynch ₂₉ , R Mackelprang ₃₀ , P R Mahaffy ₆ , L H Matthies ₁ , M A Nellessen ₂₂ , H E Newsom ₂₂ , D E Northup ₂₂ , B R W O'Connor ₃₁ , S M Perl ₁ , R C Quinn ₃ , L A Rowe ₃₂ , B Sauterey ₃₃ , M A Schneegurt ₃₄ , D Schulze-Makuch ₃₅ , L A Scuderi ₂₂ , M N Spilde ₂₂ , V Stamenković ₁ , J A Torres Celis ₁₇ , D Viola ₃ , B D Wade ₃₆ , C J Walker ₃₇ , R C Wiens ₉ , A J Williams ₃₈ , J M Williams ₂₂ , J Xu ₃₉

Affiliation

Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA.
NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC, USA.
NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA.
Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA.
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA.
Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA.
University of Florida/Space Life Sciences Laboratory, Kennedy Space Center, Florida, USA.
Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
Pennsylvania State University, Altoona, Pennsylvania, USA.
Westminster College, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
Foundation for Applied Molecular Evolution, Alachua, Florida, USA.
Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Coyoacan, Distrito Federal Mexico, Mexico.
NASA Astrobiology Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA.
Denver Museum of Nature and Science, Denver, Colorado, USA.
Space Science Institute, Littleton, Colorado, USA.
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.
Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA.
Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA.
New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, New Mexico, USA.
Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA.
College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Lunar and Planetary Institute/USRA, Houston, Texas, USA.
California State University Northridge, Northridge, California, USA.
McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana, USA.
Ecole Normale Superieure, Paris, France.
Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas, USA.
Technische Universitat Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.
Delaware State University, Dover, Delaware, USA.
University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
University of Texas, El Paso, Texas, USA.

On November 5–8, 2019, the “Mars Extant Life: What's Next?” conference was convened in Carlsbad, New Mexico. The conference gathered a community of actively publishing experts in disciplines related to habitability and astrobiology. Primary conclusions are as follows: A significant subset of conference attendees concluded that there is a realistic possibility that Mars hosts indigenous microbial life. A powerful theme that permeated the conference is that the key to the search for martian extant life lies in identifying and exploring refugia (“oases”), where conditions are either permanently or episodically significantly more hospitable than average. Based on our existing knowledge of Mars, conference participants highlighted four potential martian refugium (not listed in priority order): Caves, Deep Subsurface, Ices, and Salts. The conference group did not attempt to reach a consensus prioritization of these candidate environments, but instead felt that a defensible prioritization would require a future competitive process. Within the context of these candidate environments, we identified a variety of geological search strategies that could narrow the search space. Additionally, we summarized a number of measurement techniques that could be used to detect evidence of extant life (if present). Again, it was not within the scope of the conference to prioritize these measurement techniques—that is best left for the competitive process. We specifically note that the number and sensitivity of detection methods that could be implemented if samples were returned to Earth greatly exceed the methodologies that could be used at Mars. Finally, important lessons to guide extant life search processes can be derived both from experiments carried out in terrestrial laboratories and analog field sites and from theoretical modeling.

中文翻译：

火星现存生命：下一步是什么？会议报告。

2019 年 11 月 5 日至 8 日，“火星现存生命：下一步是什么？” 会议在新墨西哥州卡尔斯巴德召开。这次会议聚集了一群活跃于宜居性和天体生物学相关学科的出版专家。主要结论如下：很大一部分与会者得出的结论是，火星上存在本土微生物生命的可能性是现实的。贯穿这次会议的一个强有力的主题是，寻找火星现存生命的关键在于识别和探索避难所（“绿洲”），那里的条件要么永久地要么偶尔地比平均水平明显更适宜居住。根据我们对火星的现有了解，会议参与者强调了四个潜在的火星避难所（未按优先顺序列出）：洞穴、深层地下、冰和盐。会议小组并未试图就这些候选环境的优先顺序达成共识，而是认为合理的优先顺序需要未来的竞争过程。在这些候选环境的背景下，我们确定了各种可以缩小搜索空间的地质搜索策略。此外，我们总结了许多可用于检测现存生命证据（如果存在）的测量技术。再次强调，优先考虑这些测量技术并不在会议的范围之内——这最好留给竞争过程。我们特别注意到，如果样本返回地球，可以实施的检测方法的数量和灵敏度大大超过了可以在火星上使用的方法。最后，指导现存生命搜寻过程的重要经验教训可以从陆地实验室和模拟现场进行的实验以及理论模型中得出。

更新日期：2020-06-10

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