In the past decade, physiological roles and molecular functions of GPRC5 family receptors, originally identified as retinoic acid-induced gene products, have been uncovered, even though their intrinsic agonists are still a mystery. They are differentially distributed in certain tissues and cells in the body suggesting that cell-type-specific regulations and functions are significant. Molecular biological approaches and knockout mouse studies reveal that GPRC5 family proteins have pivotal roles in cancer progression and control of metabolic homeostasis pathways. Remarkably, GPRC5B-mediated tyrosine-phosphorylation signalling cascades play a critical role in development of obesity and insulin resistance through dynamic sphingolipid metabolism.

中文翻译：

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GPRC5家族蛋白的作用：专注于GPRC5B和脂质介导的信号传导。

在过去的十年中，尽管最初被认为是视黄酸诱导的基因产物，但GPRC5家族受体的生理作用和分子功能已经被发现，尽管它们的内在激动剂仍然是个谜。它们在体内某些组织和细胞中的分布不同，表明特定于细胞类型的调节和功能很重要。分子生物学方法和基因敲除小鼠研究表明，GPRC5家族蛋白在癌症进展和代谢稳态途径的控制中具有关键作用。值得注意的是，GPRC5B介导的酪氨酸磷酸化信号转导级联通过动态鞘脂代谢在肥胖和胰岛素抵抗的发展中起着关键作用。