Unique pathways to adolescents' co-occurring internalizing/externalizing problems, a severe and common form of psychopathology, remain poorly delineated; this paucity of knowledge impedes the development of personalized interventions. We examined established measures of genetic risk and early childhood temperamental dimensions to clarify potentially distinct pathways to adolescents' co-occurring internalizing/externalizing problems. Participants were drawn from a longitudinal randomized controlled trial of a family-based intervention. The study employed multiple informants and methods, including observer ratings of toddlers' negative affectivity and behavioral inhibition, and primary caregiver ratings of toddlers' inhibitory control; internalizing and aggression polygenic risk scores (PRS) based on prior meta-genome-wide association studies (GWAS); and parents' and teachers' reports of adolescents' internalizing and externalizing problems. Higher levels of the aggression PRS indirectly predicted primary caregiver- and teacher-reported co-occurring problems relative to all other groups through greater early childhood negative affectivity. Lower levels of the aggression PRS and higher levels of the internalizing PRS indirectly predicted co-occurring problems relative to the externalizing "only" and low problem groups (primary caregivers only) through greater early childhood behavioral inhibition. Findings suggest two different genetic pathways to co-occurring problems that could lead to distinct prevention and intervention efforts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

---

有证据表明，在以消极情感或行为抑制为特征的青春期同时发生内化和外化问题的两种遗传上不同的途径。

青少年同时出现的内化/外化问题（一种严重且常见的精神病理学形式）的独特途径仍然难以描述；这种知识的匮乏阻碍了个性化干预的发展。我们检查了遗传风险和儿童早期气质维度的既定措施，以阐明青少年同时发生的内化/外化问题的潜在不同途径。参与者来自一项基于家庭的干预的纵向随机对照试验。该研究采用了多种信息提供者和方法，包括幼儿消极情感和行为抑制的观察者评级，以及幼儿抑制控制的主要照顾者评级；基于先前的全基因组关联研究 (GWAS) 的内化和攻击性多基因风险评分 (PRS)；以及家长和老师对青少年内化和外化问题的报告。更高水平的攻击性 PRS 通过更大的儿童早期负面情感间接预测了主要照顾者和教师报告的与所有其他群体相关的共同发生的问题。较低水平的攻击性 PRS 和较高水平的内化 PRS 通过更大的儿童早期行为抑制间接预测了与外化“仅”和低问题组（仅主要照顾者）相关的共同发生的问题。研究结果表明，共同发生的问题有两种不同的遗传途径，可能导致不同的预防和干预工作。