Background Blackcurrants have come to be regarded as a superfood because of their high polyphenol content, namely anthocyanins. While many berry types have been studied, blackcurrant-anthocyanins may be the superior berry when it comes to athletic performance. The purpose of the review was to evaluate the effects of blackcurrant supplementation on athletic performance, oxidative markers, cognition, and side effects. Methods Systematic review and meta-analysis. Review manager software (version 5.3) was used for the meta-analysis. The risks of bias was independently assessed using the guidelines and criteria outlined in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. The data sources for the search included MEDLINE (Ovid), Google Scholar databases, additional references lists, conference proceedings and grey literature until August 2019. Eligibility Criteria included all blackcurrant (New Zealand derived) interventions, randomised control trials, human participants, placebo-controlled only. Results A total of 16 separate studies met the criteria for inclusion in the systematic review, with 9 studies contributing to this sport performance meta-analysis. There was an improvement in sport performance when supplementing with blackcurrant, 0.45 (95% CI 0.09–0.81, p = 0.01). The effective dose appears to be between 105 and 210 mg of total blackcurrant anthocyanins, prior to exercise. There were insufficient studies reporting oxidative markers, cognitive effects or biomarkers, and/or side effects to comment on the mechanism of action. Conclusion Blackcurrant has a small, but significant, effect on sport performance, with no known detrimental side effects.

中文翻译：

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新西兰黑加仑对运动表现和相关生物标志物的影响：系统评价和荟萃分析

背景 黑加仑子因其多酚含量高，即花青素而被视为超级食品。虽然已经研究了许多浆果类型，但在运动表现方面，黑加仑花青素可能是最好的浆果。审查的目的是评估补充黑加仑子对运动表现、氧化标志物、认知和副作用的影响。方法系统评价和荟萃分析。Review manager 软件（5.3 版）用于荟萃分析。使用 Cochrane 干预措施系统评价手册中概述的指南和标准独立评估了偏倚风险。搜索的数据源包括 MEDLINE (Ovid)、Google Scholar 数据库、其他参考文献列表、会议论文集和灰色文献直到 2019 年 8 月。资格标准包括所有黑加仑（新西兰衍生）干预措施、随机对照试验、人类参与者、仅安慰剂对照。结果 共有 16 项独立研究符合纳入系统评价的标准，其中 9 项研究对这项运动表现荟萃分析做出了贡献。补充黑加仑子后运动表现有改善，0.45（95% CI 0.09–0.81，p = 0.01）。运动前的有效剂量似乎在 105 至 210 毫克总黑加仑花青素之间。没有足够的研究报告氧化标志物、认知效应或生物标志物和/或副作用来评论作用机制。结论 黑醋栗对运动表现的影响很小但很显着，