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Mechanisms of Linezolid Resistance Among Clinical Staphylococcus spp. in Spain: Spread of Methicillin- and Linezolid-Resistant S. epidermidis ST2
Microbial Drug Resistance ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-01 , DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2020.0122
Laura Ruiz-Ripa 1 , Andrea T Feßler 2 , Dennis Hanke 2 , Inga Eichhorn 2 , José Manuel Azcona-Gutiérrez 3 , Carla Andrea Alonso 3 , Mar Olga Pérez-Moreno 4 , Carmen Aspiroz 5 , Alba Bellés 6 , Stefan Schwarz 2 , Carmen Torres 1
Affiliation  

This study aimed at determining the mechanisms of linezolid resistance and the molecular characteristics of clinical Staphylococcus aureus (n = 2) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (n = 15) isolates obtained from four Spanish hospitals. The detection of linezolid resistance mechanisms (mutations and acquisition of resistance genes) was performed by PCR/sequencing. The antimicrobial resistance and virulence profile was determined, and the isolates were typed by different molecular techniques. Moreover, the genetic environment of the cfr gene was determined by whole-genome sequencing. The cfr gene was detected in one methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) that also displayed the amino acid change Val118Ala in the ribosomal protein L4. The second S. aureus isolate was methicillin susceptible and showed different alterations in the ribosomal protein L4. All remaining linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (n = 14) and Staphylococcus hominis isolates (n = 1) showed the mutation G2576T (n = 14) or C2534T (n = 1) in the 23S rRNA. Moreover, different amino acid changes were detected in the ribosomal proteins L3 and L4 in S. epidermidis isolates. All S. epidermidis isolates belonged to the multilocus sequence type ST2. Linezolid-resistant staphylococci (LRS) showed a multiresistance phenotype, including methicillin resistance that was detected in all isolates but one, and was mediated by the mecA gene. The cfr gene in the MRSA isolate was located together with the fexA gene on a conjugative 38,864 bp plasmid. Linezolid- and methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis ST2 showing mutations in the 23S rRNA and in the ribosomal proteins L3 and L4 are spread among Spanish hospitals, whereas LRS carrying acquired linezolid resistance genes are rarely detected.

中文翻译:

临床葡萄球菌属中利奈唑胺耐药的机制。在西班牙:耐甲氧西林和利奈唑胺的表皮葡萄球菌 ST2 的传播

本研究旨在确定利奈唑胺耐药机制和 从西班牙四家医院获得的临床金黄色葡萄球菌( n  = 2) 和凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌 ( n = 15) 分离株的分子特征。利奈唑胺耐药机制(耐药基因的突变和获得)的检测通过 PCR/测序进行。确定了抗菌素耐药性和毒力谱,并通过不同的分子技术对分离株进行了分型。此外,cfr基因的遗传环境是通过全基因组测序确定的。在一株耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌中检测到cfr基因(MRSA) 也显示核糖体蛋白 L4 中的氨基酸变化 Val118Ala。第二个金黄色葡萄球菌分离物对甲氧西林敏感,并在核糖体蛋白 L4 中显示出不同的改变。所有剩余的耐利奈唑胺表皮葡萄球菌Ñ  = 14)和人葡萄球菌分离株(Ñ  = 1)显示突变G2576T(Ñ  = 14)或C2534T(ñ  = 1)在23S rRNA基因。此外,在表皮葡萄球菌分离株的核糖体蛋白 L3 和 L4 中检测到不同的氨基酸变化。所有表皮葡萄球菌分离株属于多位点序列类型 ST2。耐利奈唑胺葡萄球菌 (LRS) 显示出多重耐药表型,包括在除一个外的所有分离株中都检测到的甲氧西林耐药性,并且由mecA基因介导。MRSA 分离物中的cfr基因与fexA基因一起位于一个 38,864 bp 的接合质粒上。显示 23S rRNA 和核糖体蛋白 L3 和 L4 突变的利奈唑胺和甲氧西林耐药表皮葡萄球菌ST2 在西班牙医院中传播,而携带获得性利奈唑胺耐药基因的 LRS 很少被检测到。
更新日期:2021-02-04
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