Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) from livestock are valuable resources for veterinary therapeutics and animal reproduction. Previous studies have shown that hypoxic conditions were beneficial in maintaining the mesenchymal feature of BMSCs. However, the effects of hypoxia on buffalo BMSCs (bBMSCs) remain unclear. In this study, the effects of hypoxic conditions on cell morphology, migration, polarity, and karyotype of bBMSCs were examined. The results showed that hypoxia (5% oxygen) enhanced colony formation and stress fiber synthesis of bBMSCs. Under the hypoxic culture conditions, the migration capacity and normal karyotype rate of bBMSCs were significantly improved (p < 0.05), which resulted in weakened cell polarity and enhanced karyotype stability in bBMSCs. In addition, it was significantly (p < 0.05) upregulated in the expression levels of HIF-TWIST signaling pathway axis-related genes (Hif-1, Hif-2, Twist, Snail, Slug, Fn1, N-cadherin, Collal). The HIF-TWIST axis of bBMSCs was also activated in hypoxia. Finally, it was more effective and easier to maintain the mesenchymal feature of bBMSCs in hypoxic conditions. These findings not only provide theoretical guidance to elucidate the detailed regulation mechanism of hypoxia on mesenchymal nature maintenance of bBMSCs, but also provide positive support to further establish the stable in vitro culture system of bBMSCs.

中文翻译：

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缺氧增强了水牛骨髓衍生间充质干细胞的间充质特性维持。

牲畜的骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSC）是兽医治疗和动物繁殖的宝贵资源。先前的研究表明，低氧条件有利于维持BMSC的间充质特征。但是，缺氧对水牛BMSC（bBMSC）的影响仍不清楚。在这项研究中，研究了低氧条件对bBMSCs细胞形态，迁移，极性和核型的影响。结果表明，低氧（5％氧气）增强了bBMSC的集落形成和应激纤维合成。在低氧培养条件下，bBMSCs的迁移能力和正常核型率显着提高（p <0.05），导致bBMSCs的细胞极性减弱，核型稳定性增强。此外，HIF-TWIST信号通路轴相关基因（Hif-1，Hif-2，Twist，Snail，Slug，Fn1，N-cadherin，Collal） 的表达水平显着上调（p <0.05 ）。在HIF-TWIST缺氧也激活了bBMSCs的轴。最后，在缺氧条件下维持bBMSC的间充质特征更有效，更容易。这些发现不仅为阐明低氧对bBMSCs间充质性质维持的详细调控机制提供了理论指导，也为进一步建立稳定的bBMSCs体外培养体系提供了积极的支持。